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43 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
encephalon |
located between the cerebrum and midbrain, it contains the thalamus, hypothalamus, and pineal glands; involved in controlling body temperature, sleep, appetite, blood pressure, and sexual activity |
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meninges |
three membranes covering the brain and spinal cord: dura mater, arachnoid, and pia mater |
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oculomotor |
movements of the eye |
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trochlear |
muscles of the eye |
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trigeminal |
facial movements |
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abducens |
muscles of the eye turning the eye outward |
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sympathetic |
the part of the autonomic nervous system assisting the body in emergencies, defense, and survival
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parasympathetic |
the part of the autonomic nervous system bringing body functions back to normal after a stressful situation has ended |
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abscess (brain) |
secondary to infection in the body |
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Alzheimer's disease |
characterized by confusion, restlessness, agnosia, speech disturbances, inability to carry out purposeful movements, and hallucinations; usually begins in later midlife with slight defects in memory and behavior |
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amyotrophic lateral sclerosis; progressive degenearation of the upper and lower motor neurons; usually fatal |
ALS |
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Bell's palsy |
unilateral facial paralysis of sudden onset cause by lesion of the facial nerve; facial distortion |
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cerebral palsy |
paralysis from developmental defects or trauma; symptoms appear before age 3, caused by nonprogressive damage to brain |
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convulsion (seizure) |
an involuntary contraction or series of contractions of the voluntary muscles; sudden disturbances in mental functions and body movements, some with loss of consciousness |
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encephalitis |
inflammation of the brain |
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hematoma |
blood "tumor" or clot; must be removed if large enough to cause pressure on the brain |
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herpes zoster |
"shingles"; an acute inflammatory disease of cerebral or spinal nerve caused by viral infection; common in elderly adults |
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Huntington's chorea (disease) |
ceaseless occurrence of rapid, jerky, involuntary movements; hereditary disease parked by chronic progressive chorea and mental deterioration |
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hydrocephalus |
"water on the brain"; congenital or acquired condition marked by dilation of cerebral ventricles accompanied by an accumulation of cerebrospinal fluid within the skull; typically and enlargement of the head, prominence of the forehead, mental deterioration, and convulsions |
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Korsakoff's syndrome |
an alcoholic psychosis with disorientation, progressing to complete amnesia |
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meningocele OR myelomeningocele |
hernial protrusion of the meninges through a bone defect in the cranium or vertebral column |
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multiple sclerosis; brain and cord contain areas of degenerated myelin; symptoms of lesions include weakness, incoordination, speech disturbances, and visual complaints |
MS |
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myasthenia gravis; progressive neuromuscular disorder characterized by chronic fatigue and muscle weakness; considered to be autoimmune |
MG |
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neuropathy |
disease of cranial and peripheral nervous system; motor, sensory, and reflex impairment |
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Parkinson's disease |
a slowly progressive, degenerative, neurologic disorder characterized by resting tremor |
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poliomyelitis |
an acute viral disease with fever, sore throat, headache, vomiting, and often stiffness of the neck and back; may be minor or major |
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sciatica |
severe pain in the leg along the course of the sciatic nerve; also pain radiating into the buttock and lower limb, most commonly caused by herniation of lumbar disk |
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shunt |
to bypass, e.g., using a catheter to drain fluid from brain cavities to the spinal cord |
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burr holes |
holes made with a drill creating openings in bone to permit access for biopsy, insertion of drains for relieving pressure, or for monitoring devices |
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echoencephalogram |
use of ultrasound to show displacement of brain structures |
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electroencephalogram; record of electrical activity of the brain |
EEG |
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laminectomy |
excision of the posterior arch of a vertebra to view the spinal cord or to relieve pressure |
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rhizotomy (ri-zot-o-me) |
cutting the roots of spinal nerves to relieve insurable pain |
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trephination
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drilling a hole in the skull to evacuate clots or inject air for diagnostic procedure |
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vagotomy |
surgical transection of the fibers of the vagus nerve |
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echolalia (ek'-o-la-le-ah) |
automatic repetition by a patient of what is said to him/her |
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petite mal seizure |
minor seizure only lasting a few seconds; momentary clouding of consciousness; individual may or may not be aware of episode; more common in children |
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aphasia |
loss of the ability to speak owing to injury or disease of the brain centers |
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ataxia |
failure of muscle coordination |
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grand mal seizure |
characterized by sudden loss of consciousness, falling down, and involuntary muscle contractions; often preceded by an aura, a peculiar sensation such as visual disturbance, numbness, or dizziness |
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ipsilateral |
situated on or affecting the same side |
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syncope |
a faint, temporary loss of consciousness |
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concussion |
a violent blow to the head; may or may not be a loss of consciousness |