Chapter 15 - Law

Front 1

Libel

Back 1

Defamation of character in written or broadcast form.

Front 2

Obscenity

Back 2

Does not contribute a legitimate form of expression protected by the First Amendment.

Front 3

How are libel laws handled in court?

Back 3

- Different from slander, private individuals must prove statement is false, damages or injury occurred, negligence.
- Public officials also have to prove actual malice, knowing it was false and did not stop.
- Can be protected by qualified privilege or rule of opinion and fair comment.

Front 4

How are obscenity laws handled in court?

Back 4

- Acknowledges differing community standards.
- Must judge the work as a whole.

Front 5

Federal Shield Law (Covers Journalists)

Back 5

Favor the First Amendment rights of reporters, protecting them from having to reveal their sources for controversial information used in new stories.

Front 6

What were the "old" movie rating system categories?

Back 6

G, PG, R, X

Front 7

What are the "new" movie rating system categories that we use today?

Back 7

G, PG, PG-13, R, NC-17

Front 8

What does MPAA stand for?

Back 8

Motion Pictures Association of America

Front 9

What date was the establishment of an industry board to rate movies put in place?

Back 9

1968

Front 10

What is a prior restraint?

Back 10

- Government cannot block publication or speech before it occurs.
- A law has not been broken until an illegal act has been committed.
- Exception: During times of war. Ensure control and protect troops from enemy.
- Pentagon Papers.
- The Progressive.

Front 11

What countries have free press?

Back 11

About 194, such as the United States, Canada, Alaska, Greenland, and Australia.

Front 12

What counties do not have free press?

Back 12

47, such as China, Cuba, Iraq, Iran, Pakistan, North Korea, Russia, and Venezuela.

Front 13

How is print media handled in the First Amendment?

Back 13

Argument against "public interest" statute because the government is not allowed to dictate newspaper content, it should not control broadcasting programming.

Front 14

FCC

Back 14

Radio broadcasters operate in the public interest, convenience, and necessity.

Front 15

Communication Law

Back 15

Government cannot censor broadcast content BUT it may punish broadcasters for indecency or profanity after the fact. Example: Howard Stern, Award Shows, Super Bowl.

Front 16

What are the rules for coverage of politics on broadcast stations?

Back 16

- Section 315 of the Communication Act: Must provide equal opportunity and response time for each qualified candidate.
- The Fairness Doctrine: Required stations to offer balancing opinions on controversial issues.

Front 17

What is the First Amendment?

Back 17

- Abridging the freedom of speech.
- Infringing on the freedom of press.

Front 18

What are different attributes concerning the First Amendment?

Back 18

- Film and the First Amendment: Censorship & self-censorship in movies.
- The First Amendment and Democracy:
- Engage in public debate about media ownership.
- Pay attention to those excluded from opportunities to buy products and shape the cultural landscape.
- Challenge journalists and leaders.
- Become watchdogs and critical consumers.

Front 19

How does the First Amendment deal with private or public figures?

Back 19

Everyone has their right to privacy, it addresses a person's right to be left alone, without his or her name, image, or daily activities becoming public property.

Front 20

Seven Dirty Words

Back 20

George Carlin listed them in his 1972 monologue "Seven Words You Can Never Say on Television." Shit, piss, fuck, cunt, cocksucker, motherfucker, and tits.