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20 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Libel
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Defamation of character in written or broadcast form.
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Obscenity
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Does not contribute a legitimate form of expression protected by the First Amendment.
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How are libel laws handled in court?
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- Different from slander, private individuals must prove statement is false, damages or injury occurred, negligence.
- Public officials also have to prove actual malice, knowing it was false and did not stop. - Can be protected by qualified privilege or rule of opinion and fair comment. |
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How are obscenity laws handled in court?
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- Acknowledges differing community standards.
- Must judge the work as a whole. |
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Federal Shield Law (Covers Journalists)
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Favor the First Amendment rights of reporters, protecting them from having to reveal their sources for controversial information used in new stories.
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What were the "old" movie rating system categories?
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G, PG, R, X
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What are the "new" movie rating system categories that we use today?
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G, PG, PG-13, R, NC-17
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What does MPAA stand for?
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Motion Pictures Association of America
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What date was the establishment of an industry board to rate movies put in place?
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1968
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What is a prior restraint?
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- Government cannot block publication or speech before it occurs.
- A law has not been broken until an illegal act has been committed. - Exception: During times of war. Ensure control and protect troops from enemy. - Pentagon Papers. - The Progressive. |
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What countries have free press?
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About 194, such as the United States, Canada, Alaska, Greenland, and Australia.
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What counties do not have free press?
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47, such as China, Cuba, Iraq, Iran, Pakistan, North Korea, Russia, and Venezuela.
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How is print media handled in the First Amendment?
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Argument against "public interest" statute because the government is not allowed to dictate newspaper content, it should not control broadcasting programming.
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FCC
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Radio broadcasters operate in the public interest, convenience, and necessity.
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Communication Law
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Government cannot censor broadcast content BUT it may punish broadcasters for indecency or profanity after the fact. Example: Howard Stern, Award Shows, Super Bowl.
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What are the rules for coverage of politics on broadcast stations?
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- Section 315 of the Communication Act: Must provide equal opportunity and response time for each qualified candidate.
- The Fairness Doctrine: Required stations to offer balancing opinions on controversial issues. |
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What is the First Amendment?
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- Abridging the freedom of speech.
- Infringing on the freedom of press. |
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What are different attributes concerning the First Amendment?
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- Film and the First Amendment: Censorship & self-censorship in movies.
- The First Amendment and Democracy: - Engage in public debate about media ownership. - Pay attention to those excluded from opportunities to buy products and shape the cultural landscape. - Challenge journalists and leaders. - Become watchdogs and critical consumers. |
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How does the First Amendment deal with private or public figures?
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Everyone has their right to privacy, it addresses a person's right to be left alone, without his or her name, image, or daily activities becoming public property.
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Seven Dirty Words
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George Carlin listed them in his 1972 monologue "Seven Words You Can Never Say on Television." Shit, piss, fuck, cunt, cocksucker, motherfucker, and tits.
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