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31 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Life Cycle
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Sequences of stages leading from adults of one generation to the next generatoin
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Two Major stages of of the life cycle
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Development/Growth
Cell division/Reproduction |
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Asexual reproduction
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Production of offspring by single parent without participation of sperm and egg
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What orgranisms have asexual reproduction
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Prokaryotes and many eukaryotes
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Sexual Production
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Union of sperm and egg, each w/ one set of genetic information from one parent.
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Single celled-organisms reproduction
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Cell division
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Binary fission
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A type of cell division by prokaryotes
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Steps of Cell division
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1: Duplication of Chromosomes
2: Cell growth 3:Cell splits into two |
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Eukaryotes
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Are larger and more complex than prokaryotes
- Have more genes -Reproduction is more complex |
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Two major stages in life cycle of the cell
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Interphase
Cell Division |
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Interphase
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Growth, differentiation, DNA duplication
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Cell division
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-Several Phases
-Produces 2 cells |
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2 Kinds of Eukaryotes cell Division
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Mitosis
Meiosis |
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Mitosis
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Duplication of somatic (body) cells
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Meiosis
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Production of sex cells for reproduction of the organism. After meiosis each cell has only 1/2 set of dna. Upon fertilization the two half sets join to form a whole genome
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Mitotic Phase
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Mitosis
-Nucleus (containing copied DNA) splits in two Cytokinesis -Cell splits into 2 cells |
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Stages of Mitosis require this
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much energy
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What pulls the duplicated structures apart as the cell divides
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Cytoskeletal activity
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Chromosome Duplication
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Occurs in interphase
Initially duplicated chromosomes are attached at center Contain identical sequence of genes Later separate into independent daughter chromosomes |
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Karyotype
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Staining ang photographing a entire set of duplicated chromosomes in a cell
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Homologous Chromosomes
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Matching chromosomes, one from each parent
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Autosomes
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Chromosomes 1-22 or all that arent sex chromosomes
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Sex Chromosomes
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X and Y Y is much smaller than X
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Why bother with Sex?
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Sexual Reproduction produces genetically variability. Desirable traits may be placed together.
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alleles
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New alleles arise through mutation of DNA.
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Diploid
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All contain the same complement of paired chromosomes
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haploid
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gametes=Sex cells= sperm and eggs
half half the number of chromosomes |
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# of haploid chromosomes in humans
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23
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locus
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place each gene occurs at on a chromosome
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Crossing over
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Chromosomes echange parts during meiosis
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Genetic recombination
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genes get swapped from one chromosome to the other
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