Chapter 15 Apush Leeron 3 Rd Quiz

Front 1

A former Confederate general, __________, was the first leader of the Ku Klux Klan.

Back 1

Nathan Bedford Forrest

Front 2

The Civil Rights Cases (1883) struck down the __________ of 1875.

Back 2

Civil Rights Act

Front 3

In the __________ scandal, President Grant appeared to have perjured himself to protect Orville Babcock, his private secretary, from conviction.

Back 3

Whiskey Ring

Front 4

The __________ divided the South into five military districts.

Back 4

Reconstruction Act

Front 5

Republican Radicals in the House followed the lead of __________ of Pennsylvania.

Back 5

Thaddeus Stevens

Front 6

Democratic former Confederates labeled northerners who participated in rebuilding the South as

Back 6

carpetbaggers.

Front 7

Sharecroppers found themselves tied to the land and in debt to landlords and merchants in a system of forced labor known as

Back 7

peonage.

Front 8

Disappointed that the Fifteenth Amendment did not extend the right to vote to women, leading suffragists such as Susan B. Anthony and Elizabeth Cady Stanton formed the

Back 8

National Woman Suffrage Association.

Front 9

During the period of radical Reconstruction, __________ African Americans were elected to the U.S. House of Representatives from the South.

Back 9

sixteen

Front 10

In 1874, __________ became Mississippi’s second black U.S. senator.

Back 10

Blanch K. Bruce

Front 11

A former Confederate general, __________, was the first leader of the Ku Klux Klan.

Back 11

Nathan Bedford Forrest

Front 12

The Civil Rights Cases (1883) struck down the __________ of 1875.

Back 12

a. Civil Rights Act

Front 13

In the __________ scandal, President Grant appeared to have perjured himself to protect Orville Babcock, his private secretary, from conviction.

Back 13

Whiskey Ring

Front 14

The __________ was a paramilitary force that was founded in Tennessee and used violence against Republicans and blacks across the South.

Back 14

Ku Klux Klan

Front 15

Rutherford B. Hayess Democratic opponent, who defeated him in the popular vote, was

Back 15

Samuel J. Tilden.

Front 16

Abraham Lincoln’s Ten Percent Plan for Reconstruction

Back 16

offered general amnesty to all but high-ranking Confederates willing to pledge loyalty to the Union; when 10 percent of a state’s voters took this oath, the state would be restored to the Union.

Front 17

In the postwar struggle for land in the South between ex-Confederates and former slaves,

Back 17

some black families in South Carolina acquired land, but ex-Confederates had most of the confiscated lands restored to them.
Blacks acquired land in South Carolina, but after a struggle, most acreage eventually ended up back in the hands of its original owners. The freedmen never had extensive tracts of land. Sharecroppers were given land to live on and farm but were not the owners.

Front 18

Under President Andrew Johnson, high-ranking Confederate military officers could regain their property and win amnesty by

Back 18

petitioning the president personally.
Johnson demanded that high-ranking officials go beyond the oath he required of everyone else and petition directly to him for a pardon. Southern governments had to accept the abolition of slavery to be readmitted to the Union, but Johnson never supported African American suffrage.

Front 19

Congress passed the Fourteenth Amendment to

Back 19

provide constitutional protection for African American civil rights.
he Fourteenth Amendment was intended to give some protection for civil rights by declaring all the former slaves citizens and guaranteeing them protection under the law. It did not end slavery—the Thirteenth Amendment did that—and although it was aimed at changing Johnson’s Reconstruction policies, it was not primarily to embarrass him. Although it did mention voting rights, it only prescribed penalties for violations, it did not forbid the denial of voting rights.

Front 20

Johnson’s opposition to the Fourteenth Amendment succeeded in

Back 20

helping the Republicans to win an overwhelming majority in Congress.
Johnson’s opposition to and active campaigning against the Fourteenth Amendment only made matters worse for the Democrats and contributed to the huge Republican majority in the 1866 election. He gave more power to the Radicals by opposing the amendment, and he failed to unite conservative Republicans and Democrats. His impeachment, although connected to his opposition of the Fourteenth Amendment, was based on other charges.

Front 21

The odds were stacked against freedmen sharecroppers primarily because

Back 21

they had to borrow money to survive until their first crop came in, but the returns on cotton production were too low to pay off their debts.
The problem with sharecropping was that the initial loans needed could rarely be paid off because of the ever-declining price of cotton. Farm size varied and was a hindrance to profitability, in large part because of debt and low cotton prices. Landlords and merchants did have the upper hand on sharecroppers, but they had the law on their side, so what they did was not illegal. Sharecroppers moved, but it was often to escape debt, and it did not increase costs.

Front 22

Dissenting Republicans, who voted to acquit President Johnson of criminal misconduct, did so because

Back 22

removal of a president over a policy dispute would be a dangerous precedent.
Dissenting Republicans were afraid of setting the precedent of removing a president over policy disputes—it seemed to violate the system of checks and balances of the Constitution. Although Johnson had clearly committed infringement on the rights of Congress, dissenting Republicans believed that the act was probably unconstitutional.

Front 23

Republicans in the South were composed of a coalition of

Back 23

former Whigs, a few former Democrats, newcomers from the North, and African Americans.
The Republicans were varied in their composition, but much of their membership came from former Whigs, a few former Democrats, newcomers from the North, and African Americans. Southern ex-slave owners were rarely Republican, and northern Democrats rarely moved south just to change parties. Abolitionists and northern blacks moved to the South as well but did not join with southern Democrats.

Front 24

Republican policies in the South emphasized

Back 24

modernizing and democratizing southern institutions.
Southern Republican governments tried to modernize the South with public schools, roads, and railroads and opened up democracy by eliminating property qualifications for voting and making more offices elective. They did not want white supremacy; they accepted but did not create sharecropping; and they raised taxes to pay for their social programs.

Front 25

Ex-Confederates and conservative whites across the South responded to Republican Reconstruction with all of the following except

Back 25

support for Republican governments and their new version of the South.
Former Confederate and conservative whites did not support Republican governments or their new version of the South. Instead they instigated violent riots, organized the Klan to terrorize blacks, and retook confiscated lands.

Front 26

Republican governments across the South fell one by one to Democrats in the mid-1870s primarily because

Back 26

ex-Confederate politicians, using terrorism, silenced the black and Republican vote.
Republican governments fell in large part because of the violence employed against them by the Klan and other terrorist groups. Although the federal government’s support was waning, it was primarily terrorist activities in the South that intimidated the black and Republican votes. Black officials were effective in governing, and problems in the agricultural sector were real but not the source of political opposition.

Front 27

Klan leader Nathan Bedford Forrest was best known during the Civil War for commanding southern troops who committed a massacre of black Union troops at

Back 27

Fort Pillow.
Confederate General Forrest on April 12, 1864, led his troops to commit one of the war’s worst atrocities, the massacre of unarmed black Union troops at Fort Pillow, Tennessee. Forrest’s troops refused to take prisoners, instead shooting down black soldiers as they tried to surrender.

Front 28

All of the following are true regarding ex-slaves and education in the South during Reconstruction except

Back 28

the Republican Party disapproved of education for freedmen and women.
Most impressive of Reconstruction Republican governments was in the arena of public education. Republicans viewed education as the foundation of a true democratic order. By 1875, over half of black children were attending school in Mississippi, Florida, and South Carolina. Blacks of all ages rushed to the newly established schools, even when they had to pay tuition.

Front 29

African Americans constituted a majority in the lower legislature in which of the following states in 1868?

Back 29

South Carolina
As the reconstructed governments began to function in 1867, African American politicians increased their advocacy to reform the South. Though never proportionate to their numbers in the population, blacks became officeholders across the South. In South Carolina, African Americans constituted a majority in the lower house of the legislature in 1868.

Front 30

Johnson’s lenient Reconstruction policy resulted in all of the following except

Back 30

the dissolution of the Freedmen’s Bureau in 1866.
Johnson tried to prevent Congress from continuing the Freedmen’s Bureau in 1866 and vetoed an extension and federal funding, but Congress later overrode Johnson’s veto. Johnson’s plan allowed easy reentrance for southern states, which resulted in the Confederates returning to Congress and the passage of the Black Codes.

Front 31

The Wade-Davis Bill required all of the following in order for a former Confederate state to rejoin the Union except

Back 31

voting rights for the freedmen.
The Wade-Davis Bill required, among other things, that a majority of adult whites swear allegiance to the Union, that no former rebels be permitted in government, and that former Confederate leaders be disfranchised; however, it did not call for voting rights for blacks.

Front 32

Freedmen resisted wage labor because

Back 32

wage labor implied dependency rather than freedom.
Former slaves associated wage labor with dependency; to be independent meant working your own land rather than being paid to work the land of others. Although wages (cash) were low and women were paid less than men, these were not the primary objections

Front 33

Freedmen asserted their independence by doing all of the following except

Back 33

insisting on becoming part of white churches.
The freedmen set to work building their own institutions such as schools, newspapers, and churches, leaving behind the white churches that they had belonged to during slavery. Black men asserted their authority over the family by keeping women out of field work.

Front 34

Southern whites’ relations with the freedmen were

Back 34

intended to maintain a situation as close to slavery as possible.
Whites in the South tried to construct a system, in opposition to federal dictates, that was as close to slavery as possible, enacting laws known as the Black Codes, designed to drive former slaves back to the plantations and deny them elementary civil rights. A campaign of violence was waged against the freedmen across the South as well.

Front 35

Sharecropping developed as an agricultural system

Back 35

by way of strained, need-based negotiations between landlords and freedmen.
Sharecropping emerged as a system negotiated between whites who had little cash for wages and blacks who wanted to work their own land but could not afford it. It was not mandated by the Freedmen’s Bureau, neither was it simply demanded by blacks. It was similar to white tenant farming in the South, but not in the North.

Front 36

The Reconstruction Act of 1867 included all of the following provisions except

Back 36

the distribution of land to former slaves.
The Reconstruction Act divided the South into five military districts with army supervision of black voter registration. It required approval of the Fourteenth Amendment for a state’s readmission to the Union, but there was no provision to give land to the freedmen.

Front 37

The majority of African Americans who emerged as political leaders during the period of Republican rule in the South were

Back 37

members of the free black southern elite.
Most African American political leaders had been part of the elite, either among slaves or as free blacks living in the South. Free blacks from the North also joined them but were not the majority. Few were former field hands or escaped slaves returning from the North.

Front 38

The freedmen and scalawags shared which of the following?

Back 38

They were both southern born and opposed ex-slaveholders’ power.
Freedmen and scalawags were both southern born and opposed the political and economic power of the ex-slaveholders. They were Republicans and played an important role in Reconstruction politics because they could vote.

Front 39

Carpetbaggers exhibited all of the following characteristics except

Back 39

they did not bring capital or skills to the southern states.
Carpetbaggers were white northern men who came to the South seeking to apply their capital and skills for private profit-seeking and to rebuild the South. White southerners viewed them as selfish interlopers.

Front 40

Republican governments in the South were

Back 40

dependent on the federal government for protection.
Southern Republican governments relied on federal troops for protection against the former Confederates and Klan terrorism; once their pleas were ignored they were overthrown. On their own, they were not able to protect black voters.

Front 41

How do scholars now view Freedmen’s Bureau officials?

Back 41

as dedicated and idealistic
Scholars now view Bureau officials in a more complex light than in recent years when officials were seen as hostile to freedmen and in sympathy with white southern interests. Scholars see Bureau officials as dedicated and often idealistic men who tried valiantly to reconcile opposing interests.

Front 42

“Scalawag” refers to a southern white who

Back 42

supported Reconstruction.
Ex-Confederates viewed the Republican Party as illegitimate in southern affairs, and viewed southern whites who supported Reconstruction as scalawags, an ancient Scots-Irish term for worthless animals

Front 43

All of the following are examples of black colleges founded after the Civil War except

Back 43

Union League.
The Union League was a secret fraternal order of white and black Republicans formed during Reconstruction in the South. Fisk, Tougaloo, and the Hampton Institute were all black colleges created with the help of the Freedmen’s Bureau.

Front 44

Blacks constituted a majority of registered voters in all of the following states except

Back 44

Virginia.
During Reconstruction, the Republican Party depended upon black voters as key players to reshape southern politics. Blacks were the majority of the registered voters of Alabama, Florida, South Carolina, and Mississippi in the late 1860s.

Front 45

Southern state legislatures passed laws known as __________, which were designed to ensure that African Americans would remain a cheap, controlled labor force.

Back 45

Black Codes

Front 46

Abraham Lincoln was assassinated in April 1865 by

Back 46

John Wilkes Booth.

Front 47

The organization created in 1865 to help freedmen with aid was the

Back 47

Freedmen’s Bureau.

Front 48

Republicans in April 1866 successfully gathered two–thirds majorities to override President Johnson’s vetoes and pass the

Back 48

Civil Rights Act

Front 49

Race riots that occurred in 1866 in __________ increased Republicans’ determination to reform the South.

Back 49

Memphis

Front 50

he __________ Amendment, which prohibited any state from abridging “the privileges or immunities” of any citizen or depriving “any person of life, liberty, or property, without due process of law,” was passed in 1866.

Back 50

Fourteenth