Chapter 15: Airway Management 1

Front 1

Palate

Back 1

-- Forms posterior portion of oral cavity
-- Anterior portion formed by maxilla and palatine bones

Front 2

Tonsils

Back 2

-- Comprised of lymphatic tissue
-- Help trap bacteria

Front 3

Thyroid Cartilage

Back 3

most obvious external landmark of larynx

Front 4

Cricothyroid Membrane

Back 4

-- ligament between the thyroid and cricoid cartilage
-- relatively avascular, covered by skin and minimal subcutaneous tissue

Front 5

Arytenoid Cartilages

Back 5

-- Pyramid like structures
-- Posterior attachment of the vocal cords

Front 6

Piriform Fossae

Back 6

-- Two pockets of tissue
-- On lateral borders of larynx
-- Airway devices are occasionally inadvertently inserted into these pockets, resulting in tenting of the skin under the jaw

Front 7

Trachea and mainstem bronchi are lined with

Back 7

-- Goblet Cells
produce mucous
-- CILIA
hairs
-- BETA 2 ADRENERGIC RECEPTORS
stimulating causes bronchodilation

Front 8

Bronchi

Back 8

-- Subdivide into bronchioles
-- Made of smooth muscle
-- Lined with beta 2 Adrenergic receptors
-- Can dilate or constrict in response to various stimuli

Front 9

Atelectasis

Back 9

caused by a deficiency of surfactant in alveoli

Front 10

Tidal Volume

Back 10

amount of air moved in or out of the respiratory tract during 1 breath

Front 11

Minute Volume

Back 11

amount of air moved through the respiratory tract in 1 minute
(Vm = Vt x RR)

Front 12

Alveolar Minute Volume

Back 12

Volume of air that reaches alveoli in one minute
( aVm = (Vt - 150) x RR )

Front 13

Feedback Loop

Back 13

Herring-Breuer Reflex
- Terminates inhalation and prevents lung over expansion

Front 14

Central Chemoreceptors

Back 14

-- Monitor pH of the CSF
if ph increases ventilations decrease
if ph decreases ventilations increase

Front 15

Dorsal Respiratory Group

Back 15

initiates inspiration based on info from chemoreceptors

Front 16

Causes of increased ventilatory rate

Back 16

-- Fever
-- Stimulant meds such as amphetamines
-- Pain, strong emotions
-- Increased metabolic rate
-- Hypoxia, acidosis

Front 17

Oxygen Rates

Back 17

NC: 2-6 lpm 24-44 %
NRB: 10 - 15 lpm 90 %
Mask: 15 lpm 50 - 55 %
BVM: 15 lmp. 98 - 100 %

Front 18

External Respiration

Back 18

Exchange of O2 and CO2 between alveoli and blood in pulmonary capillaries

Front 19

Internal Respiration

Back 19

Exchange of O2 and CO2 between systemic circulation and cells

Front 20

Hypoxia

Back 20

Tissues and cells don't receive enough oxygen