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41 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Mechanical Stimuli
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Touch Hearing Balance |
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Thermal Stimuli
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Hot Cold |
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Electromagnetic Stimuli
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Vision
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Chemical Stimuli
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Taste Smell |
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Visceral Sensation
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Instintive rather than Intellect Vague and Poorly Localized Sensations of hunger & thirst Also inclused visceral stretch receptors in GI tract and urinary system |
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Tactile Sense
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Sensation of something being in contact with the surface of the body
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Pressure |
Sensation of something pressing on the body surface
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Superficial Tempurature Receptors
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In the skin Detect upward or downward changes in skin tempurature |
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Central Tempurature Receptors
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In the hypothalmus Monitor the tempurature of the blood |
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Nociceptors
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Pain receptors Widely distributed inside and on the surface of the body Not present in the brain |
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Transduction
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Conversion o fpainful stimulus into nerve impulses
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Transmission
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Conduction of nerve impulses to the spinal cord
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Modulation
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Changes the sensory nerve impulse Can amplify or suppress sensory impulses |
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Perception
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Conscious awareness of painful stimuli
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Proprioception
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Sense of body position and movement
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Taste
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Gustatory Sense |
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Taste Chemical Receptors
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Taste Buds in the oral cavity
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Smell
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Olfactory Sense -very important in non human animals -olfactory cells and supporting cells in epithelial patches in nasal passage -Odor molecules dissolve in the mucus and contact the sensory processes |
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Hearing
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Auditory Sense Converts vibrations of air molecules into nerve impulses Most structures of the ear are located in the temporal bones of the skull |
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External Ear
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Acts as a funnel to collect sound wave vibrations and direct them to the eardum |
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Middle Ear
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Amplifies and transmits the vibrations from the eardrum to the inner ear
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Inner Ear
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Contains the sensory receptors that convert the mechanical vibrations to nerve impulses, along with receptors for the equilibrium sense
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External Ear Structures
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Pinna External Auditory Canal Tympanic Membrane |
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Pinna
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Elastic cartilage and skin
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External Auditory Canal
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Membrane-lined tube
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Tympanic Membrane
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AKA Ear drum Thin connective tisse membrane Tightly stretched across the opening between the external auditory canal and the middle ear cavity |
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Middle Ear Structures |
Three Ossicles ( Malleus, Incus, Stapes) Eustachian Tube |
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Three Osscicles Function
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Link the tympanic membrane with the cochlea of the inner ear Act as a system of levers that transmit sound wave vibrations from the tympanic membrane to the cochlea |
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Malleus
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Outermost bone Attached to the tympanic membrane |
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Incus
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Middle Bone
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Stapes
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Medial most bone Attached to the membrane that covers the oval window of the cochlea |
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Inner Ear Structures
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Cochlea Organ of Corti |
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Cochlea
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Shell shaped spiral cavity in the temporal bone
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Organ of Corti
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Fluid filled portion that makes up the receptor organ of hearing Runs along the cochlear duct on the basilar membrane Consists of hair cells ( hearing receptors), supporting cells, and the tectorial membrane |
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Sound Wave Vibration Cause...
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The tympanic membrane and ossicles in the middle ear to vibrate vibration of fluid around the cochlear duct |
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Fluid Vibration Cause...
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The cochlear duct to move The tectorial membrane and hair cells of the Organ of Corti to rub against each other Generates nerve impulses that travel to the brain and are interpreted as sound |
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Equilibrium Mechanical Sense
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Helps maintain balance by keeping track of position and movements of the head |
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Equilibrium Receptors
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Located in the vestibule and semicircular canals in the inner ear
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Vestibule
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Portion of the inner ear between the cochlea and semicircular canals -Made up of 2 sac like spaces called utricle and saccule |
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Vestibule Function
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Movement of the head bends the sensory hairs in the 2 sacs Generates nerve impulses that give the brain information about the postion of the head |
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Semicircular Canals
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Located opposite the vestibules from the cochlea - contain fluid filled membranous tubes |
