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53 Cards in this Set
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scientific study of the origins, symptoms, and development of psychological disorders.
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Psychopathology
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a patter of behavioral and psychological symptoms that causes significant personal distress, impairs the ability to function in one or more important areas of daily life, or both.
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Psychological Disorder
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prolonged levels of unease or anxiety
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Distress
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Behavior interferes with well being of self or of others
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Maladaptive
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Behavior not comprehensible to others
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Irrational
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Behavior is erratic and inconsistent
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Unpredictable
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describes specific symptoms and diagnostic guidelines for psychological disorders
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Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV-TR)
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This type of disorder is distinguished by irational, uncontrollable, maladaptive
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Anxiety disorders
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These are examples of what type of disorder?
Generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) Panic Attacks Phobias PTSD Obsessive/Compulsive (OCD) |
Anxiety Disorders
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More or less constant worry about many issues with no justification
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Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD)
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Sudden episode of extreme anxiety that rapidly escalates in intensity
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Panic attacks
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Sudden episode of extreme anxiety that rapidly escalates in intensity
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Panic attacks
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Symptoms of this disorder include: pounding heart, rapid breathing, sweating, choking sensation
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Panic attack
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Symptoms of this disorder include: pounding heart, rapid breathing, sweating, choking sensation
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Panic attack
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person experiences frequent and unexpected panic attacks
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Panic Disorder
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person experiences frequent and unexpected panic attacks
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Panic Disorder
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Intense, irrational fear triggered by a specific object or situation
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Phobias
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fear of failing or being embarrassed in public
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Social phobias
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Intense, irrational fear triggered by a specific object or situation
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Phobias
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fear of failing or being embarrassed in public
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Social phobias
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Fear of experiencing a panic attack in a public place
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Agoraphobia
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phobia is a conditioed response to a traumatic event
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Classical Conditioning
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Avoiding situations that provoke phobia is rewarded
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Operant Conditioning
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people with phobias may model fearful reactions of others
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Observational Learning
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This disorder follows events that produce intense trauma or helplessness
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Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD)
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Core symptoms for this disorder include: frequent recollection of taumatic event, often intrusive and interfering with normal thoughts, avoidance of situations that trigger recall of event, increased physical arousal associated with stress
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Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD)
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Irrational, disturbing thoughts that intrude into consciousness
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Obsessions
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Repetitive actions performed to alleviate obsessions
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Compulsions
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Major category of mental disorders in which significant and chronic disruption in mood is the predominant symptom, causing impaired cognitive, behavioral, and physical functioning
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Mood Disorders
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This category of disorders includes: major depression, dysthymic disorder, bipolar disorder, cyclothymic disorder
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Mood Disorders
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A mood disorder chacterized by extreme and persistent feelings of despondency, worthlessness and hopelessness
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Major Depression
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Chronic, low-grade depressed feelings that are not severe enough to be major depression
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Dysthymic Disorder
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Cyclic disorder (manic-depressive disorder)
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Bipolar Disorders
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symptoms include: little sleep and frenzied behaviors, Grandiose ideas and delusional beliefs, Attention distracted causing flight od ideas
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Manic Episode (at least one is needed to be labeled bipolar)
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Mood disorder characterized by moderate but frequent mood swings
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Cyclothymic
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inflexible, maladaptive pattern of thoughts, emotions, behaviors, and interpersonal functioning that are stable over time and across situations, and deviate from the expectations of the individual's culture
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Personality Disorders
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- Pervasive mistrust and suspiciousness of others with no justifications
- distrustful even of close family and friends - tend to blame others for their own shortcomings; angry outbursts, jealousy |
Paranoid Personality Disorder
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-Pervasive pattern of disregarding and violating the rights of others
-Evidence often seen in childhood (conduct disorder) -Manipulative, can be charming, can be cruel and destructive -Seems to lack "conscience" |
Antisocial Personality Disorder "The Psychopath"
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-Chronic instability of emotions, self-image, relationships, and marked impulsivity
-Self-destructive behaviors -Intense fear of abandonment and emptiness -Possible history of childhood physical, emotional, or sexual abuse |
Borderline Personal Disorder
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Disorder where person suddenly becomes unaware of some aspect of their identity or history, unable to recall exept under special circumstances
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Dissociative Disorder
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Memory loss is the only symptom
-Often selective loss surrounding traumatic events |
Dissociative Amnesia
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Global amnesia with identity replacementt
-leaves home -develops a new identity -apparently no recollection of former life |
Dissociative Fugue
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With this disorder there are two or more distinct pesonalities manifested by the same person at different times
-Rare and controversial disorder -Examples include Sybil, Chris Sizemore |
Dissociative Identity Disorder
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-Ability to function is impaired by severly distorted beliefs, perceptions, and thought processes
-Very serious and complex disorder -Course of disorder is episodic/recurring |
Schizophrenia
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List some of the causes of Schizophrenia
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Heredity, Neurotransmitters, brain structure abnormalities, Family and cultural factors.
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Ability to function is impaired by severely distorted beliefs, perceptions and thought processes
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Schizophrenia
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Possitive symptoms (excess of function) include:
hallucinations delusions |
Schizophrenia
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Negative symptoms (restriction of function) include:
absence of normal cognition or affect (e.g. flat affect, poverty of speech) |
Schizophrenia
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Type of schizophrenia that causes delusions of persecution and delusions of grandeur.
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Paranoid
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type of schizophrenia that cause unresponsive to surroundings, puposeless movement, parrot like speech.
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Catatonic
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type of schizophrenia that causes delusions and hallucinations with little meaning and disorganized speech, behavior, and flat affect
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Disorganized
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What three factors can cause schizophrenia
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heredity
neurotransmitters brain structure abnormalities |
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This theory says that Schizophrenia is caused by excess dopamine.
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The Dopamine Theory
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