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15 Cards in this Set
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OLMEC -called the 'parent culture' of Mesoamerica -later cultures often borrowed from the Olmecs -built a mountain in the shape of a pyramid -built mostly through human labor -giant dirt pile -a lot of work, but they wanted to honor the gods -intended as base for a temple -used for burial place for kings -olmec artisans created artifacts that were very big or very small
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OLMEC COLOSSAL HEADS -sculpture in the round -symmetrical -features are flattened -features of face don't stand out -wearing head gear -always marks someone who is important -representing kings and gods -interpreted as being rulers as priests and kings -made from stone that had to be moved at least 20 miles -no writing -downward slant to facial features |
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OLMEC CEREMONIAL AX IN FORM OF WERE-JAGUAR -down turned mouth -stone hand ax -took form and turned it into something symbolic -used in ceremonies asking the gods for bountiful harvest -not easy to farm in rain forest regions -making contact with the gods was very important -got in touch through prayer, ceremonies, or offerings -bury it with the dead -part human, part jaguar -most powerful animal -eyebrows are the jaguar-esc -nose and eyes are human-esc -mouth is growling or snarling -always green because crops are green
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MAYA COPAN - |
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MAYA TEMPLE OF THE GIANT JAGUAR -the pyramid is a solid mass that is faced with cut stones -rougher vs. smoother -the rougher has inscriptions and relief carvings on the exterior -over the years it has discolored - prayers, stories of gods .. -decorated with religious images -only important people can go to the top
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MAYA -pyramids replicated 9 levels -very tall so you can see the sky
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MAYA -vertically oriented stone slab -showing ruler -you can see the arms, legs and body -very decorative -inscription -on the edge the little boxes are inscriptions
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MAYA (ch 32) SHIELD JAGUAR AND LADY XOC Yaxchilan -one figure is larger than the other -the bigger one is Shield Jaguar -Lady Xoc (wife) looks smaller because she is kneeling -kneeling because she is participating in a religious ritual -pulling rope through her tongue -giving blood as offerings to the gods -most Mesoamerican societies have human sacrifices -blood is precious offering -blood would be poured on the ground because it would go to the underworld -when the blood dripped down it got caught on fire and became smoke which went to heaven
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TENOCHTITLAN (AZTEC) -laid out in a grid plan
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TEMPLO MAYOR/GREAT TEMPLE Tenochtitlan (AZTEC) -one temple is dedicated to the god of sun and war -the other temple is dedicated to the rain god -layers -kept building around existing buildings -originally a small temple, but was enlarged by building a new temple -didnt want to tear down sacred buildings
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COYOLXAUHQUI (AZTEC) -She fought her brother, he won and cut her up -you can tell she is dismembered -snakes -very gruesome
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COATLICUE (AZTEC) -necklace is made of human hands and hearts -skull pendant -both masculine and feminine traits -goddess combined with savagery and tenderness
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INCA MASONRY -Built with stone that was cut in place (regular or irregular masonry)
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CORICANCHA TEMPLE OF TEH SUN INCA -built church to show that they won -their god trumped the other gods |
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MACHU PICCHU INCA - where the king and court lived for part of a year -made from stone
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