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58 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
cystoscopy
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examination of the bladder using a rigid or flexible cystoscope
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kidney biopsy (Bx)
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removal of kidney tissue for pathologic examination
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renal biopsy (Bx)
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removal of kidney tissue for pathologic examination
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intravenous pyelogram (IVP)
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x-ray image of the urinary tract obtained after an iodine contrast medium has been injected into the bloodstream; the contrast passes through the kidney & may reveal obstruction, evidence of trauma, etc.
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intravenous urogram (IVU)
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x-ray image of the urinary tract obtained after an iodine contrast medium has been injected into the bloodstream; the contrast passes through the kidney & may reveal obstruction, evidence of trauma, etc.
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kidneys, ureters, bladder (KUB)
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abdominal x-ray image of the kidneys, ureters, and bladder; typically used as a scout film before obtaining an intravenous pyelogram (IVP)
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scout film
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plain-film x-ray image obtained to detect any obvious pathology before further imaging (e.g., a KUB before an IVP)
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renal angiogram
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x-ray image of the renal artery obtained after injecting contrast material into a catheter in the artery
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renal arteriogram
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x-ray image of the renal artery obtained after injecting contrast material into a catheter in the artery
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retrograde pyelogram (RP)
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x-ray image of the bladder, ureters, and renal pelvis obtained after contrast medium has been injected up to the kidney by way of a small catheter passed through a cystoscope; used to detect the presence of stones, obstruction, etc.
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retrograde urogram
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x-ray image of the bladder, ureters, and renal pelvis obtained after contrast medium has been injected up to the kidney by way of a small catheter passed through a cystoscope; used to detect the presence of stones, obstruction, etc.
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voiding cystourethrogram (VCU or VCUG)
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x-ray image of the bladder and urethra obtained during urination (voiding = urinating)
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abdominal sonogram
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abdominal ultrasound image of the urinary tract, including the kidney and bladder
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urinalysis (UA)
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physical, chemical, and microscopic examination of urine
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specific gravity (SpGr)
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measure of the concentration or dilution of urine
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pH
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measure of the acidity or alkalinity of urine
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glucose
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chemical test used to detect sugar in the urine; most often used to screen for diabetes (glucose = sugar)
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albumin (alb)
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chemical test used to detect the presence of albumin in the urine
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protein
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chemical test used to detect the presence of albumin in the urine
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ketones
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chemical test used to detect the presence of ketone bodies in the urine; positive test indicates that fats are being used by the body instead of carbohydrates, which occurs during starvation or an uncontrolled diabetic state
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urine occult blood
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chemical test for the presence of hidden blood in the urine resulting from red blood cell hemolysis; indicates bleeding in the kidneys (occult = hidden)
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bilirubin
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chemical test used to detect bilirubin in the urine; seen in gallbladder and liver disease
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urobilinogen
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chemical test used to detect bile pigment in the urine; increased amounts are seen in gallbladder and liver disease
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nitrite
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chemical test to determine the presence of bacteria in the urine
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microscopic findings
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microscopic identification of abnormal constituents in the urine (e.g., red blood cells, white blood cells, and casts); reported per high- or low-power field (hpf or lpf, respectively)
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urine culture and sensitivity (C&S)
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isolation of a urine specimen in a culture medium to propagate the growth of microorganisms; organisms that grow in the culture are identified, as are drugs to which they are sensitive
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blood urea nitrogen (BUN)
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blood test to determine the level of urea in the blood; a high BUN indicates the inability of one or both kidneys to excrete urea
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creatinine, serum
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test to determine the level of creatinine in the blood; useful in assessing kidney function
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creatinine, urine
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test to determine the level of creatinine in the urine
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creatinine clearance testing
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measurements of the level of creatinine in the blood and in a 24-hour urine specimen to determine the rate at which creatinine is “cleared” from the blood by the kidneys
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urologic endoscopic surgery
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use of specialized endoscopes (e.g., resectoscope) within the urinary tract to perform various surgical procedures, such as resection of a tumor, repair of an obstruction, stone retrieval, placement of a stent, etc.
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resectoscope
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urologic endoscope inserted through the urethra to resect (cut and remove) lesions of the bladder, urethra, or prostate
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intracorporeal lithotripsy
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method of destroying stones within the urinary tract using discharges of electrical energy that are transmitted to a probe within a flexible endoscope; most commonly used to pulverize bladder stones
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nephrotomy
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incision into the kidney
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nephrorrhaphy
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suture of an injured kidney
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nephrolithotomy
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incision into the kidney for the removal of stones
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nephrectomy
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excision of a kidney
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pyeloplasty
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surgical reconstruction of the renal pelvis
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stent placement
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use of a device (stent) to hold open vessels or tubes (e.g., an obstructed ureter)
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kidney transplantation
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transfer of a kidney from the body of one person (donor) to another (recipient)
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renal transplantation
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transfer of a kidney from the body of one person (donor) to another (recipient)
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urinary diversion
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creation of a temporary or permanent diversion of the urinary tract to provide a new passage through which urine exits the body; used to treat defects or diseases (e.g., bladder cancer)
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noncontinent ileal conduit
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removal of a portion of the ileum to use as a conduit to which the ureters are attached at one end; the other end is brought through an opening (stoma) created in the abdomen; urine drains continually into an external appliance (bag); noncontinent indicates that urine cannot be held and drains continually
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continent urostomy
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an internal reservoir (pouch) constructed from a segment of intestine that diverts urine through an opening (stoma) that is brought through the abdominal wall; a valve is created internally to prevent leakage, and the patient empties the pouch by catheterization; continent refers to the ability to hold or retain urine
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orthotopic bladder
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bladder constructed from portions of intestine connected to the urethra, allowing “natural” voiding
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neobladder
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bladder constructed from portions of intestine connected to the urethra, allowing “natural” voiding
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extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL)
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procedure using ultrasound outside the body to bombard and disintegrate a stone within; most commonly used to treat urinary stones above the bladder
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kidney dialysis
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methods of filtering impurities from the blood, replacing the function of one or both kidneys lost in renal failure
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hemodialysis
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method of removing impurities by pumping the patient's blood through a dialyzer, the specialized filter of the artificial kidney machine (hemodialyzer)
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peritoneal dialysis
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method of removing impurities using the peritoneum as the filter; a catheter inserted in the peritoneal cavity delivers cleansing fluid (dialysate) that is washed in and out in cycles
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urinary catheterization
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methods of placing a tube into the bladder to drain or collect urine
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straight catheter
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a type of catheter that is inserted through the urethra into the bladder to relieve urinary retention or to collect a sterile specimen of urine for testing; the catheter is removed immediately after the procedure
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Foley catheter
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indwelling catheter inserted through the urethra and into the bladder that includes a collection system allowing urine to be drained into a bag; the catheter can remain in place for an extended period
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suprapubic catheter
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indwelling catheter inserted directly in the bladder through an abdominal incision above the pubic bone that includes a collection system that allows urine to be drained into a bag; used in patients requiring long-term catheterization
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analgesic
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drug that relieves pain
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antibiotic
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drug that kills or inhibits the growth of microorganisms
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antispasmodic
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drug that relieves spasm
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diuretic
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drug that increases the secretion of urine
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