Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
42 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Sigmund Freud
|
-Moved with family to Vienna, Austria at age of 4
-Went to medical school, set up his own practice specializing in nervous disorders -Noticed that his patients' symptoms weren't explainable in neurological, but psychological causes |
|
Conscious
|
-Hold what you're currently aware of
|
|
Preconscious
|
-Represents ordinary memory
|
|
Unconscious
|
-Most important part,according to Freud
-Not directly accessible to awareness -Store house for unacceptable urge/feelings/wishes -urge has influence on later actions |
|
Iceberg Analogy
|
Ego is the smallest part, fully accessible
Superego, outside of awareness, but is accessible Id, unconscious mind that is not accessible |
|
Id
|
-Only component present at birth
-contains basic drives to survive,reproduce,and act aggressively -pleasure principle - all needs satisfied immediately -operates completely in the unconscious |
|
Ego
|
-Makes sure the id impulses are expressed in effective/realistic ways
-functions mainly in the conscious and preconscious world |
|
Superego
|
-Last component of personality to develop
-Represents our values or conscience -tells us how we should behave -strives for perfection -ego mediates between impulses of id and the idealistic demands of superego |
|
Reality principle
|
-Behavior must take into account the outside world,in addition to the urges/needs inside
|
|
Pleasure Principle
|
- All needs satisfied immediately
|
|
Psychosexual Stages
|
-proposed that psychological development in childhood takes place in a series of fixed stages.
|
|
Oral Stage
|
-Mouth is a source of tension reduction/pleasurable sensation
|
|
Anal Stage
|
-Major event is toilet training
-Children must learn that there is an appropriate time and place for everything |
|
Phallic Stage
|
-Children develop hostility, jealousy, and hatred toward the same-sex parent due to competition over affection of other parent
|
|
Latency Stage
|
-Lessening of sexual and aggressive urges
-Children turn to other pursuits, often intellectual/social in nature -A time of broadening experiences, rather than confronting new conflicts |
|
Genital Stage
|
- Earlier attachments were narcissistic, in this stage there is a desire to share mutual sexual gratification with someone else
-Person becomes capable of loving others not only for selfish reasons, but also for altruistic reasons |
|
Oedipus (Electra) Complex -Phallic stage
|
- Children develop unconscious sexual desires for their opposite-sex parent
|
|
Castration Anxiety
|
-Competitiveness / jealously can become so extreme that he wants father out of family/dead
-Boy afraid of being castrated by father -Causes boy to bury sexual desires for mother in unconscious min -Start to identify father for protection |
|
Fixation
|
-Unresolved conflicts that can surface as behaviors in adult years
-Child confronts a conflict at each of the first 3 psychological stages ex: oral stage:preoccupied with food/drink |
|
Defense Mechanisms
|
-Tactics that ego develops to help it deal with anxiety gain from id/superego fighting
|
|
Repression
|
-The process of keeping anxiety-inducing thoughts, feelings, and memories out of consciousness, particularly unacceptable id impulses
|
|
Regression
|
-When anxiety causes people to use coping strategies that reflect the stages in which they are fixated
ex: oral stage- smoke more cigs |
|
Reaction Formation
|
-To guard against the release of an unacceptable impulse, we emphasize the opposite of that impulse
|
|
Projection
|
-Anxiety is reduced by attributing your own unacceptable impulses, wishes, and desires to someone else
-Provides a way to hide your knowledge of an unacceptable aspect of yourself |
|
Displacement
|
-Shifting an impulse from one target to another target that is psychologically more acceptable than the one that aroused the feeling
-Subbing a less threatening target for the original to reduce anxiety |
|
Rationalization
|
-According to Freud when people are not able to deal with the reasons they behave in particular ways, they protect themselves by creating self-justifying explanations for their behaviors.
-defensive mechanism |
|
Denial
|
defense mechanism in which a person unconsciously rejects thoughts, feelings, needs, wishes, or external realities that they would not be able to deal with if they got into the conscious mind.
|
|
Projective Tests
|
-Present an ambiguous stimulus
-Test-taker describes or tells a story about it -The stimulus has no significance in itself, so any meaning people read into it presumably is a projection of their own interest/conflicts |
|
Thematic Apperception Test
|
-A series of ambiguous picture are presented
-Subject asked to write story of each picture -story describe what's happening including characters thoughts/feelings/relationship with one another -Subject should identify with the main character of the picture and the feeling reflect on the subjects own feelings about himself |
|
Rorschach Inkblot test
|
-Subject views a set of 10 inkblots and tells examiner what they see
-what subject sees reflects on their inner feelings/conflicts -subject describes what she sees in each ink blot as a whole or part of it |
|
Abraham Maslow
-Self-Actualizing Person |
-Proposed that people work toward satisfying a series of needs leading to the ultimate goal of self-actualization- the process of fulfilling our potential
|
|
Carl Rogers
-Person-Centered Perspective |
-People are basically good and strive to self-actualize
-Promote growth in 3 ways, Genuine, Accepting, Empathic -Self-concept, if we have positive self-concept, we ten to act and perceive the world positively -if negative self-concept, we feel dissatisfied and unhappy -Goal for us in relationships should be to help others know,accept, and be true to themselves |
|
Eysencks' Basic Personality Dimension
-Hans & Sybil Eysenck |
-Personality characteristics can be reduced down to two dimensions
Extraversion dimension-sociability,craving for excitement,activeness, dominance Emotional Stability dimension-moodiness, anxiety, depression |
|
Personality Inventories
|
-Long questionnaires covering a wide range of feelings and behaviors
-Designed to assess several traits at once MMPI most famous |
|
Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory(MMPI)
|
-550 True-false items measuring abnormality in personality
-first collected thousand self descriptive statements -responses are T/F/Cannot Say |
|
The Big Five Factors - Conscientiousness
|
Way we control and direct impulses
|
|
The Big Five Factors - Agreeableness
|
-Reflects a person's concern with cooperation and social harmony
|
|
The Big Five Factors- Neuroticism
|
-Tendency to experience negative feelings
|
|
The Big Five Factors- Openness
|
-Openness to experience
|
|
The Big Five Factors - Extraversion
|
-The degree to which a person engages the outside world
|
|
Reciprocal Determinism
|
The interacting influences between our cognition, behavior, and environmental factors
|
|
Locus of Control
|
Personal - Our sense of controlling our environment rather than feeling helplessness
Internal - perception that one controls one's fate External - Perception that chance or outside forces beyond one'es personal control determine one's fate |