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73 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Personality |
Unique & stable ways people think, feel, & act Identity |
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Temperament + Experience |
Personality |
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Psychodynamic Perspective |
Freud |
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Ego |
concious interaction of the world |
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Superego |
do's & dont's from parents |
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ID |
Biological needs |
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Psychological Defense Mechanism |
unconscious distort reality -take in approved desires and making them more acceptable unconsciously |
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Fixation |
unresolved psychosexual stage conflict -stuck |
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Oral Stage |
1st stage 1st year mouth= erogenous zone weaning primary conflict love things in mouth |
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Anal Stage |
1 to 3 years Ego develops toilet training conflict Expulsive vs. retentive personality cants go when ya want |
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Phallic Stage |
3 to 6 years super ego develops sexual feelings oedipus complex father gets jealous |
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Latency Stage |
age 6 to puberty sexual feelings repressed same sex play, social skills |
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Genital Stage |
Puberty sexual feelings consciously expressed |
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Reciprocal Determinism |
(Bandura) Environment, characteristics of person, and behavior itself all interact |
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Self Efficiency |
Perception of one's competence in a certain circumstance |
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Humanistic View |
(3rd Force) Focuses on traits that make people uniquely good center |
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Self-Actualizing Tendency |
(Rogers) striving to fulfill innate capabilities |
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Real Self |
(Roger) One's perception of actual characteristics, traits, and abilities |
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Ideal Self |
What on should or would like to be |
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Character |
•valuejudgments made about a person’s moral and ethical behavior |
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Temperament |
•theenduring characteristics with which each person is born |
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Preconsciousmind |
•levelof the mind in which information is available but not currently conscious |
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Consciousmind |
•levelof the mind that is aware of immediate surroundings and perceptions |
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libido |
–the instinctual energy that maycome into conflict with the demands of a society’s standards for behavior |
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pleasureprinciple |
–principle by which the idfunctions; the immediate satisfaction of needs without regard for theconsequences |
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realityprinciple |
–principle by which the egofunctions; the satisfaction of the demands of the id only when negativeconsequences will not result |
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egoideal |
–part of the superego that containsthe standards for moral behavior |
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Psychologicaldefense mechanisms |
unconscious distortions of a person’sperception of reality that reduce stress and anxiety |
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Repression |
•theperson refuses to consciously remember a threatening or unacceptable event,instead pushing those events into the unconscious mind |
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Rationalization |
•theperson invents acceptable excuses for unacceptable behavior |
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Psychological defense mechanisms list |
Denial Rationalization Repression Projection Reactionformation Displacement Regression Identification Compensation(substitution): Sublimation |
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Projection |
•unacceptableor threatening impulses or feelings are seen as originating with someone else,usually the target of the impulses or feelings |
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Reactionformation |
•theperson forms an emotional or behavioral reaction opposite to the way he or shereally feels in order to keep those true feelings hidden from self and others |
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Displacement |
•redirectingfeelings from a threatening target to a less threatening one |
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Regression |
•theperson falls back on childlike patterns of responding in reaction to stressfulsituations |
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Identification |
•theperson tries to become like someone else to deal with anxiety |
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Compensation(substitution): |
•theperson makes up for deficiencies in one area by becoming superior in anotherarea |
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Sublimation |
channelingsocially unacceptable impulses and urges into socially acceptable behavior |
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Neo-Freudians |
•followersof Freud who developed their own competing theories of psychoanalysis JUNG ADLER HORNEY ERIKSON |
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Jung |
•developeda theory including both a personal and a collective unconscious –personal unconscious: Jung’s name for the unconscious mind asdescribed by Freud –collective unconscious: the memories shared by all members of thehuman species –archetypes: collective, universalhuman memories |
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Adler |
•Proposedthat feelings of inferiority are the driving force behind personality •Developedbirth order theory Oldest, middle, youngest |
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Horney |
•Developed atheory based on basic anxiety;rejected theconcept of penis envy –basic anxiety: anxiety created whena child is born into the bigger and more powerful world of older children andadults –neurotic personalities: the result of less-secureupbringings and paired with maladaptive ways of dealing with relationships |
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Erikson |
•Developed atheory based on social rather than sexual relationships, covering the entirelife span |
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•Socialcognitive learning theorists emphasize the importance of: |
–the influences of other people’s behavior –the influence of a person’s own expectancies on learning |
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Socialcognitive view |
•learningtheory that includes cognitive processes such as anticipating, judging, memory,and imitation of models |
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Social Learning Theory Expectations |
(Rotter) Personality is set of potential responses to various situations |
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Self- Concept |
Image of oneself that develops from interactions with significant people in ones life |
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Conditional Positive Regard |
-Positive Regard that is given only when the person is doing what the providers of positive regard-wishes |
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Unconditional positive regard |
positive regard that is given without conditions or string attached |
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Humanisticperspective |
third force –focuses on those aspects ofpersonality that make people uniquely human, such as subjective feelings andfreedom of choice –developed as a reaction against thenegativity of psychoanalysis and the deterministic nature of behaviorism |
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Positiveregard |
•warmth,affection, love, and respect that come from significant others in one’slife |
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Fullyfunctioning person |
•aperson who is in touch with and trusting of the deepest, innermost urges andfeelings |
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Trait |
consistent, enduring way of thinking, feeling, or behaving |
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Surface Traits |
can be seen by other people in the out ward actions of a person -what ppl see |
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Source Traits |
More basic traits forming core of personality |
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Allport Theory |
listed 200 traits and believed traits were apart of the nervous system |
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Cattell Theory |
Reduced number of traits to between 16 & 23 with computer method called factor analysis -Surface and Source traits |
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TheBig Five Theory |
oppeness conscientiousness extraversion agreeableness neurotism |
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conscientiousness |
1.thecare a person gives to organization and thoughtfulness of others; dependability |
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openness |
1.willingnessto try new things and be open to new experiences |
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extraversion |
1.one’s need to be with other people§extraverts: people who are outgoing andsociable §introverts: people who prefer solitudeand dislike being the center of attention– |
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agreeableness |
4.theemotional style of a person that may range from easygoing, friendly, andlikeable to grumpy, crabby, and unpleasant |
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neuroticism |
4.degreeof emotional instability or stability |
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Trait-situationinteraction |
•theparticular circumstances of any given situation will influence the way in whicha trait is expressed |
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The“Jim”Twins |
•JamesArthur Springer and James Edward Lewis, otherwise known as the “Jim”twins were separated shortly after birth and reunited at age thirty-nine; theyexhibited many similarities in personality and personal habits |
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Interview |
Professional asks questions of clients, structured or unstructured |
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Halo Effect |
Allowing clients positive traits to influence assesment |
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Direct Observation |
Professional observes client: clinical or natural settings -Rating Scale -Frequency count |
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Projective Test |
Ambigious visual stimuli presented to client who responds with whatever comes to mind |
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Projection |
"Projecting" ones unacceptable thoughts or impulses onto others |
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Rorchach inkblot test |
10 inblots as ambigious stitmuli |
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Thematic Apprication Test |
make up a story with a picture |
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Personalityinventory |
•paper and pencil or computerized test that consists of statements that requirea specific, standardized response from the person taking the test |
