Chapter 13

Front 1

Function of the pituitary gland

Back 1

The primary function is to secrete hormones that control the activity of other endocrine glands

Front 2

Adrenocorticotropic hormone

Back 2

stimulates the growth and secretions of the adrenal cortex

Front 3

Follicle-stimulating hormone

Back 3

stimulates the secretion of estrogen and the growth of ova

Front 4

growth hormone

Back 4

aka somatotropic hormone, regulates the growth of bone, muscle, and other body tissues

Front 5

Lactogenic hormone

Back 5

aka prolactin, stimulates and maintains the secretion of breast milk in the mother after childbirth

Front 6

Melanocyte-stimulating hormone

Back 6

increases the production of melanin in melanocytes, thereby causing darkening of skin pigmentation

Front 7

thyroid-stimulating hormone

Back 7

stimulates the secretion of hormones by the thyroid gland

Front 8

antidiuretic hormone

Back 8

which is secreted by the hypothalamus and stored and released int he pituitary gland, helps control blood pressure by reducing the amount of water that is excreted through the kidneys

Front 9

Oxytocin

Back 9

stimulates uterine contractions during childbirth

Front 10

Pineal gland

Back 10

is a very small endocrine gland, aka pineal body. It is located in the central portion of the brain

Front 11

Secretion of the pineal gland

Back 11

The secretions influence the sleep-wakefullness cycle

Front 12

Melatonin

Back 12

influences the sleep-wakefulness portions of the cicardian cycle

Front 13

Calcitionin

Back 13

which is produced by the thyroid gland, is a hormone that works with the parathyroid gland to decrease calcium levels in the blood and tissues by moving calcium into storage in the bones and teeth

Front 14

Functions of the parathyroid gland

Back 14

the primary function is to regulate calcium levels throughout the body

Front 15

Pancreatic Islets

Back 15

are those parts of the pancreas that have endocrine functions

Front 16

Function of the Pancreatic Islet

Back 16

are the control of blood sugar levels and glucose metabolism throughout the body

Front 17

Glucose

Back 17

aka blood sugar, which is the basic form of energy used by the body

Front 18

Aldosterone

Back 18

is a corticosteroid that regulates the salt and water levels in the body by increasing sodium reabsorption and potassium excretion by the kidneys

Front 19

Gonads

Back 19

are gamete-producing glands. these are ovaries in females and testicles in males

Front 20

Estrogen

Back 20

is a hormone secreted by the ovaries that is important in the development and maintenance of the female secondary sex characteristics and in regulation of the menstrual cycle

Front 21

Progesterone

Back 21

is the hormone released during the second half of the menstrual cycle by the corpus luteum in the ovary

Front 22

Gamete

Back 22

is a reproductive cell

Front 23

Testosterone

Back 23

is a steroid hormone secreted by the testicles and the adrenal cortex to stimulate the development of male secondary sex characteristics

Front 24

Anabolic steroids

Back 24

are man-made substances that are chemically related to male sex hormones

Front 25

Leptin

Back 25

is a protein hormone secreted by fat cells that is involved in the regulation of appetite

Front 26

Acromegaly

Back 26

is a rare chronic disease characterized by abnormal enlargement of the extremities caused by excessive secretion of growth hormone after puberty

Front 27

Gigantism

Back 27

is abnormal growth of the entire body that is caused by excessive secretion of growth hormone before puberty

Front 28

Thyroid storm

Back 28

aka thyrotoxic crisis, is a relatively rare, life threatening condition caused by exaggerated hyperthyroidism.

Front 29

Diabetic coma

Back 29

is caused by very high blood sugar hyperglycemia. aka Diabetic Ketoacidosis

Front 30

Insulin shock

Back 30

is caused by very low blood sugar hypoglycemia

Front 31

Addison's disease

Back 31

occurs when the adrenal glands do not produce enough of the hormones cortisol or aldosterone

Front 32

Pheochromocytoma

Back 32

is a rare, benign tumor of the adrenal gland that causes too much release of epinephrine and norepinephrine, which are the hormones that regulate heart rate and blood pressure

Front 33

Cushing's syndrome

Back 33

aka hypercortisolism, is caused by prolonged exposure to high levels of cortisol. "RED MOON FACE"

Front 34

Radioactive iodine uptake test

Back 34

uses radioactive iodine administered orally to measure thyroid function

Front 35

Fasting blood sugar test

Back 35

aka fasting plasma glucose (FPG) test, measures the glucose levels after the patient has not eaten for 8 to 12 hours

Front 36

antithyroid drug

Back 36

is a medication administered to slow the ability of the thyroid gland to produce thyroid hormones

Front 37

Lobectomy

Back 37

is the surgical removal of one lobe of the thyroid gland

Front 38

Cortisone

Back 38

aka hydrocortisone, is the synthetic equivalent of corticosteroids produced by the body