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99 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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albumin
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ptotein in blood; maintains the proper amount of water in the blood
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anisocytosis
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an abnormality of red blood cells; they are of unequal size
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antibody
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protein (immunoglobulin) produced by lymphocytes in response to bacteria, viruses, or other antigens. An antibody is specific to an antigen and inactivates it.
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anticoagulant
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a substance that hinders coagulation
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antigen
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substance (usually foreign) that stimulates the production of an antibody
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basophil
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white blood cell containing granules that stain blue; associated with release of histamine and heparin
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bilirubin
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orange yellow pigment in bile; formed by the breakdown of hemoglobin when red blood cells die
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coagulation
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blood clotting
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coagulopathy
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disease or condition affecting the bloods ability to coagulate
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colony stimulating factor (CSF)
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protein that stimulates the growth and proliferation of white blood cells (granulocytes)
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cytology
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the study of cells
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differentiation
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change in structure and function of a cell as it matures; specialization
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electrophoresis
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carrying, transmitting electricity
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eosinophil
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white blood cell containing granules that stain red; associated with allergic reactions
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eosinophilia
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abnormal increase in eosinophils
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erythroblast
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immature red blood cell
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erythrocyte
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red blood cell
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erythropoiesis
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the production of red blood cells (as from the bone marrow)
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erythropoietin (EPO)
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hormone secreted by the kidneys that stimulates red blood cell formation
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fibrin
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protein threads that for the basis of a blood clot
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fibrinogen
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plasma protein that is converted to fibrin in the clotting process
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globulin
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plasma protein; alpha, beta, and gamma (immune) globulins are examples
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granulocyte
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white blood cell with numerous dark staining granules; eosinophil, neutrophil and basophil
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granulocytopenia
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deficiency of blood granulocytes
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hematopoiesis
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formation of blood cells or of blood cells in the living body
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hemoglobin
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blood protein containing iron; carries oxygen in red blood cells
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hemoglobinopathy
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disease or condition of the hemoglobin
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hemolysis
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destruction or breakdown of blood (red blood cells)
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hemostasis
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stoppage of blood flow
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heparin
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anticoagulant found on blood and tissue cells
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hypochromic
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deficiency of hemoglobin in the red blood cells
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immune reaction
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response of the immune system to foreign invasion
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immunoglobulin
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protein (globulin) with antibody activity; examples are IgG, IgM, IgA, IgE, IgD.
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leukopheresis
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apheresis used to remove white blood cells (as in the treatment of chronic lymphocytic leukemia)
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leukocyte
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white blood cell
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leukopenia
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condition where white blood cells circulating in the body are abnormally low
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lymphocyte
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mononuclear leukocyte that produces antibodies
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macrocytosis
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abnormal condition of erythrocytes that are larger than normal
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macrophage
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monocyte that migrates from the blood to tissue spaces. As a phagocyte, it engulfs foreign material and debris
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megakaryocyte
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large platelet precursor cell found in the bone marrow
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microcytosis
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anormal condition of erythrocytes that are smaller than normal
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monoblast
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immature monocyte
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monocyte
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leukocyte with one large nucleus. It is a cell that engulfs foreign material and debris. Monocytes become macrophages as they leave the blood and enter body tissue
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mononuclear
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pertaining to a cell (leukocyte) with a single round nucleus; lymphocytes and monocytes are mononuclear leukocytes
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morphology
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study of the form and shape of animals and plants
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myeloblast
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immature bone marrow cell that is the forerunner of granulocytes
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myelodysplasia
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a developmental anomaly of the spinal cord
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myeloid
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of or relating to the spinal cord or bone marrow
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myelopoiesis
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production of blood cells in bone marrow
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neutropenia
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leukopenia in which the decrease in white blood cells is chiefly in neutrophils
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neutrophil
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granulocytic leukocyte formed in bone marrow. it is a phagocytic tissue fighting cell. Also called a polymorphonuclear leukocyte
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neutrophilia
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leukocytosis in which the increase in white blood cells is chiefly in neutrophils
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pancytopenia
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an abnormal reduction in the numer of red blood cells, white blood cells, and blood platelets in the blood
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phagocyte
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a cell that engulfs and consumes foreign material and debris
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plasma
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liquid portion of blood; contains water, proteins, salts, nutrients, hormones, and vitamins
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plasmapheresis
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removal of plasma from withdrawn blood by centrifuge. Collected cells are retransfused back into the donor. Fresh frozen plasma or salt solution is used to replace withdrawn plasma
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platelet
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small blood fragment that collects at sites of injury to begin the clotting process
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plateletpheresis
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apheresis used to remove blood platelets (as in the treatment of thrombocytosis or in the collection of platelets for use in transfusion)
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poikilocytosis
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a condition characterized by the presence of poikilocytes in the blood
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polymorphonuclear
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having the nucleus complexly lobed
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prothrombin
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plasma protein; converted to thrombin in the clotting process
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reticulocyte
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immature erythrocyte. A network of strands (reticulin) is seen after staining the cell with special dyes
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Rh factor
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antigen on red blood cells of Rh positive (RH+) individuals. The factor was first identifiedin the blood of a rhesus monkey
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serum
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plasma minus clotting proteins and cells. Clear, yellowish fluid that separates from blood when it is allowed to clot. It is formed from plasma, but does not contain protein coagulation factors
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sideropenia
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iron deficiency in the blood serum
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stem cell
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unspecialized cell that gives rise to mature, specialized forms. A hematopoietic stem cell is the progenitor for all different types of blood cells
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thrombin
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enzyme that converts fibrinogen to fibrin during coagulation
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thrombocyte
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platelet
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thrombocytopenia
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persistant decrease in the number of blood platelets that is often associated with hemorrhagic conditions
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thrombolytic therapy
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used to dissolve clots
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thrombosis
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formation or presence of a blood clot within a blood vessel
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acute lymphocytic leukemia
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immature lymphocytes (lymphoblasts) predominate. This form is seen most often in children and adolescents; onset is sudden
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acute myelogenous leukemia
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immature granulocytes (myelolasts)predominate. Platelets and erythrocyres are diminished because of infiltration and replacement of the bone marrow by large numbers of myeloblasts
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anemia
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deficiency in erythrocytes or hemoglobin
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antiglobulin test
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test for the presence of antibodies that coat and damage erythrocytes
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apheresis
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seperation of blood into component parts and removal of a select portion from the blood
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aplastic anemia
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failure of blood cell production in the bone marrow
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autologous transfusion
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collection and later reinfusion of a patient's own blood or blood components
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bleeding time
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time required for blood to stop flowing from a tiny puncture wound
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blood transfusion
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whole blood or cells are taken from a donor and infused into a patient
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bone marrow biopsy
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microscopic examination of a core of bone marrow removed with a needle
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chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL)
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abnormal numbers of relatively mature lymphocytes predominate in the marrow, lymph nodes, and spleen. This most common form of leukemia usually occurs in the elderly and follows a slowly progressive course. It often does not require immediate treatment.
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chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML)
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both mature and immature granulocytes are present in large numbers in the marrow and bloodstream. This is a slowly progressive illness with which patients (often older than 55) may live for many years without encountering life threatening problems.
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coaglution time
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time required for venous blood to clot in a test tube
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complete blood count (CBC)
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determination of numbersof blood cells, hemoglobin concentration, hematocrit, and red cell values
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dyscrasia
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abnormal condition of the blood, disease
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ecchymoses
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large blue or purplish patches on the skin (bruises)
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erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR)
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speed at which erythrocytes settle out of plasma
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granulocytosis
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abnormal increase in granulocytes in the blood
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hematocrit (Hct)
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percentage of erythrocytes in a volume of blood
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hematopoietic stem cell transplantation
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peripheral stem cells from a compatible donor ate administered to a recipient
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hemochromatosis
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excess iron deposits throughout the body
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hemoglobin test (H, Hg, Hgb, HGB)
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total amount of hemoglobin in a sample of peripheral blood
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hemolytic anemia
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reduction in red cells due to excessive destruction
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hemophilia
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excessive bleeding caused by hereditary lack of blood clotting factors necessary for blood clotting
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intrinsic factor
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substance found in gastric juices, needed to absorb vitamin B12
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leukemia
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increase in cancerous white blood cells
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mononucleosis
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infectious disease marked by increased number of leukocytes and enlarged cervical lymph nodes
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multiple myeloma
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malignant neoplasm of bone marrow
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