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12 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
DNA
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nucleic acid that contains the sugar deoxyribose
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DNA Nucleotide
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One of four kinds of chemical units found in DNA as an informational sequence in groups of three.
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RNA
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single-stranded nucleic acid that contains the sugar ribose.
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RNA Nucleotide
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any of a group of molecules that, when linked together, form the building blocks of DNA or RNA: composed of a phosphate group, the bases adenine, cytosine, guanine, and thymine, and a pentose sugar, in RNA the thymine base being replaced by uracil.
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DNA Replication
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the process of producing two identical copies from one original DNA molecule.
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Transcription
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process in which part of the nucleotide sequence of DNA is copied into a complementary sequence in RNA.
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mRNA
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RNA molecule that carries copies of instructions for the assembly of amino acids into proteins from DNA to the rest of the cell.
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tRNA
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type of RNA molecule that transfers amino acids to ribosomes during protein synthesis.
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Translation
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decoding of a mRNA message into a polypeptide chain
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DNA Polymerase
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enzyme that “proofreads” new DNA strands, helping to ensure that each molecule is a nearly perfect copy of the original DNA.
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Protein Synthesis
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the process by which biological cells generate new proteins
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Ribosome
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small particle in the cell on which proteins are assembled; made of RNA and protein
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