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28 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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List the three components of risk assessment
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a. potential for failure
b. enviroment that may contribute to failure c. potential target |
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by definition, if there is no (Blank), a tree cannot pose a risk.
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target
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when performing a tree assessment, it is important to develop and stick to a (Blank) process.
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systematic
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for structural strength, branches should be (Blank) in diameter than their parent limbs or trunk.
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smaller
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(Blank)(Blank) fungi primarily decay the lignin within and between cell walls in the wood
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white rot
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codominant stems often have (Blank)(Blank) within the branch union, making them structurally less stable.
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included Bark
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Trees that have grown in dense shade such as a forest tend to have long, straight stems with little (Blank)
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taper
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Trees often produce (Blank)(Blank), providing more stability to compensate for lean.
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reaction wood
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Brown rot fungi primarily decay the (Blank) leaving behind the stiff lignin and thereby reducing the bending strength of the tree.
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Cellulose
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Decay located in the lower trunk and/or base of the tree is referred to as (Blank)(Blank).
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Basal Rot (butt rot)
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In recent years, a number of more advanced (Blank)(Blank)(Blank) have been developed to help arborists determine the presence and extent of decay inside trees.
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Decay Detection Devices
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True/ False-- A tree may appear to be solid and structurally sound, and may have a thick, green canopy, yet can have significant decay inside.
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True
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List five indicators of decay in a tree.
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a. open wounds or cavities
b. fruiting bodies: mushorroms, conks c. cracked or loosened bark d. certain insects e. birds, bees, other animals |
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If decay is suspected at the root flare or in the major support roots a root collar (Blank) may be necessary to ascertain the extent.
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excavation
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Sometimes there are management options short of tree removal to abate the risk of failure. (Blank) is the general term given to the process of reducing the risk of potential.
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Mitigation
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True/ False-- Current research indicates that filling cavities may do more harm than good because decay can develop in the interface between filler and tree.
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True
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List four potential options for mitigating tree risk.
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a. removal of the tree or limbs
b. pruning c. cabling d. bracing |
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(Blank) occurs when the arborist has an obligation or responsibility with regard to the (duty) but fails to act reasonably in providing the service (breach of duty), and injury or damage occurs (harm) because of the arborists actions or lack of action (causality).
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negligence
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the gauge against which acts are judged as reasonable is the (Blank)(Blank)(Blank).
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standard of care
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True/ False-- Individuals may not escape liability for damages resulting from a fallen tree or branch if the defect that caused the failure was known of or should have been known of.
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True
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Develop sample evaluations for three trees that vary in condition, size , and location. Consider the target, the enviroment, and the potential for damage.
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fill in the blank
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Why is cavity filling generally not recommended? Describe the possible consequences of cavity filling, taking into account the CODIT process
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fill in the blank
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What role do arborists play in recognition and assessment of risks when they are hired to prune the trees on a property?
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fill in the blank
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A necessary component in the existence of tree risk is:
a. a tree with a potential for failure b. an enviroment that may contribute to failure c. a person or object that may be injured or damaged d. all of the above |
d. all of the above
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Which type of decay primarily affects the lignin within and between cell walls in the wood, reducing the trees compressive strength?
a. brown rot b. white rot c. soft rot d. Sapwood rot |
b. white rot
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Following construction, forest trees on the edge of remaining stands are prone to failure due to:
a. losing the protection of the trees that used to surround them b. less trunk stability and poor taper c. increased exposure to the weather elements d. all of the above |
d. all of the above
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Trees that lean because of ground failure or root injury:
a. have a high potential to fail b. are less of a risk than those that lean due to phototropism c. are not a threat unless located at the edge of a wooded area d. are a risk only if they begin to grow in compensation for the lean |
a. have a high potential to fail
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Arborists, as trained professionals in tree care,:
a. are required to have formal training in risk assessment b. must be qualified to perform a root crown inspection c. will be held to a higher standard of care than general citizens d. all of the above |
c. will be held to a higher standard of care than general citizens
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