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29 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Kinetic-Molecular Theory
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describes the behavior of matter in terms of particles in motion
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Elastic Collision
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is one which no kinetic energy is lost
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Temperature
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is a measure of the average kinetic energy of the particles in a sample of matter
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Diffusion
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the movement of one material through another
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Graham's Law of Effusion
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states that the rate of effusion for a gas is inversely proportional to the square root of its molar mass
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Pressure
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is defined as force per unit area
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Barometer
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is an instrument used to measure atmospheric pressure
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Pascal
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is equal to a force of one newton per square meter
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Atmosphere
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equal to 760 mmHg or 760 torr or 101.3 kilopascals (kPa)
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Dalton's law of Partial Pressures
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states that the total pressure of a mixture of gases is equal to the sum of the presssures of all the gases in the mixture
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Dispersion forces
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weak forces that result from temporary shifts in the density of electrons in the electron cloud
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Dipole-Dipole forces
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attractions between oppositely charged regions of polar molecules
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Hydrogen bond
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dipole-dipole attraction that occurs between molecules containing a hydrogen atom bonded to a small, highly electonegative atom with at least one lone electron pair
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Viscosity
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is a measure of the resistance of a liquid to flow
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Surface Tension
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the energy required to increse the surface area of a liquid by a given amount
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Surfactants
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compounds that lower the surface tension of water
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Unit Cell
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smallest arrangement of atoms in a crystal lattice that has the same symmetry as the whole crystal
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Allotrope
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an element such as carbon that exists in different forms at the same state
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Amorphous solid
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one in which the particles are not arranged in a regular, or repeating pattern
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Melting Point
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temperature at which the forces holding its crystal lattice together are broken and it becomes a liquid
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Vaporization
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process by which a liquid changes to a gas
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Evaporation
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when vaporization occurs only at the surface of the liquid
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Vapor Pressure
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pressure exerted by a vapor over a liquid
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Boiling Point
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the temperature at which the vapor pressure of a liquid equals the external pressure
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Freezing Point
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the temperature at which a liquid is converted into a crystalline solid
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Condensation
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gas or vapor becomes a liquid
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Deposition
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substance changes from a gas or vapor into a solid without becoming a liquid
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Phase Diagram
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graph of pressure versus tempeature
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Triple Point
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the point on a phase diagram that represents the temerature and pressure at which three phases of a substance can coexist
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