Chapter 12 - Respiratory System

Front 1

adenoids

Back 1

lymphatic tissue in the nasopharynx; pharyngeal tonsils

Front 2

alveolus

Back 2

Air sac in the lung

Front 3

base of the lung

Back 3

lower portion of the lung

Front 4

bronchioles

Back 4

smallest branches of the bronchi. Terminal bronchioles lead to alveolar ducts

Front 5

bronchus (plural: bronchi)

Back 5

branch of the trachea that is passageway into the lung; bronchial tube.

Front 6

cilia

Back 6

thin hairs attached to the mucous membrane epithelium lining the respiratory tract. They clear bacteria and foreign substances from the lung.

Front 7

diaphragm

Back 7

Muscle separating the chest and abdomen. It contracts and relaxes to make breathing possible.

Front 8

epiglottis

Back 8

Lid-like piece of cartilage that covers the larynx, preventing food from entering the larynx and trachea during swallowing.

Front 9

expiration

Back 9

Breathing out (exhalation)

Front 10

glottis

Back 10

Slit-like opening to the larynx

Front 11

hilum (of lung)

Back 11

Midline region where the bronchi, blood vessels, and nerves enter and exit the lungs. Hilar means pertaining to the hilum.

Front 12

inspiration

Back 12

breathing in (inhalation)

Front 13

larynx

Back 13

Voice box; containing the vocal cords

Front 14

lobe

Back 14

division of a lung

Front 15

mediastinum

Back 15

Region between the lungs in the chest cavity. It contains the trachea, heart, aorta, esophagus, and bronchial tubes

Front 16

nares

Back 16

openings through the nose carrying air into the nasal cavities.

Front 17

palatine tonsil

Back 17

one of a pair of almond-shaped masses of lymphatic tissue in the oropharynx (palatine means pertaining to the roof of the mouth)

Front 18

paranasal sinus

Back 18

one of the air cavities in the bones near the nose

Front 19

parietal pleura

Back 19

Outer fold of pleura lying closer to the ribs and chest wall.

Front 20

pharynx

Back 20

Throat; including the nasopharynx, oropharynx and laryngopharynx

Front 21

pleura

Back 21

Double-folded membrane surrounding each lung

Front 22

pleura cavity

Back 22

space between the folds of the pleura

Front 23

pulmonary parenchyma

Back 23

Essential parts of the lung, responsible for respiration; bronchioles and alveoli.

Front 24

respiration

Back 24

Process of moving air into and out of the lungs; breathing

Front 25

trachea

Back 25

Windpipe

Front 26

visceral pleura

Back 26

Inner fold of pleura lying closer to the lung tissue.

Front 27

adenoid/o

Back 27

adenoids

Front 28

alveol/o

Back 28

alveolus, air sac

Front 29

bronch/o

Back 29

bronchial tube

Front 30

bronchi/o

Back 30

bronchus

Front 31

bronchiol/o

Back 31

bronchiole, small bronchus

Front 32

capn/o

Back 32

carbon dioxide

Front 33

coni/o

Back 33

dust

Front 34

cyan/o

Back 34

blue

Front 35

epiglott/o

Back 35

epiglottis

Front 36

laryng/o

Back 36

larynx, voice box

Front 37

lob/o

Back 37

lobe of the lung

Front 38

mediastin/o

Back 38

mediastinum

Front 39

nas/o

Back 39

nose

Front 40

orth/o

Back 40

straight, upright

Front 41

ox/o

Back 41

oxygen

Front 42

pector/o

Back 42

chest

Front 43

pharyng/o

Back 43

pharynx, throat

Front 44

phon/o

Back 44

voice

Front 45

phren/o

Back 45

diaphragm

Front 46

pluer/o

Back 46

pleura

Front 47

pneum/o
pneumon/o

Back 47

air, lung

Front 48

pulmon/o

Back 48

lung

Front 49

rhin/o

Back 49

nose

Front 50

sinus/o

Back 50

sinus, cavity

Front 51

spir/o

Back 51

breathing

Front 52

tel/o

Back 52

complete

Front 53

thorac/o

Back 53

chest

Front 54

tonsill/o

Back 54

tonsils

Front 55

trachea/o

Back 55

trachea, windpipe

Front 56

-ema

Back 56

condition

Front 57

-osmia

Back 57

smell

Front 58

-pnea

Back 58

breathing

Front 59

-ptysis

Back 59

spitting

Front 60

-sphyxia

Back 60

pulse

Front 61

spir/o

Back 61

breathing

Front 62

tel/o

Back 62

complete

Front 63

thorac/o

Back 63

chest

Front 64

tonsill/o

Back 64

tonsils

Front 65

trachea/o

Back 65

trachea, windpipe

Front 66

-ema

Back 66

condition

Front 67

-osmia

Back 67

smell

Front 68

-pnea

Back 68

breathing

Front 69

-ptysis

Back 69

spitting

Front 70

-sphyxia

Back 70

pulse

Front 71

pertussis

Back 71

Highly contagious bacterial infection of the pharynx, larynx, and trachea caused by Bordetella pertussis. Also known as whooping cough.

Front 72

Asthma

Back 72

Chronic inflmmatory disorder with airway obstruction caused by bronchial edema, bronchoconstriction, and increased mucus production

Front 73

bronchiectasis

Back 73

Chronic dilation of a bronchus secondary to infection in the lower lobes of the lung

Front 74

chronic bronchitits

Back 74

inflammation of the bronchi persisting over a long time.

Front 75

cystic fibrosis

Back 75

Inherited disorder of exocrine glands resulting in thick, mucous secretions that do not drain normally.

Front 76

atelectasis

Back 76

Incomplete (atel/o) expansion (-ectasis) of alveoli; collapsed, sunctionless, airless lung or portion of a lung. Caused by tumor or other obstruction of bronchus, or poor respiratory effort.

Front 77

emphysema

Back 77

hyperinflation of air sacs with destruction of alvolar walls.

Front 78

lung cancer

Back 78

Malignant tumor arising from the lungs and bronchi

Front 79

pneumoconiosis

Back 79

Abnormal condition caused by dust in the lungs, the chronic inflammation, infection, and brochitis

Front 80

pneumonia

Back 80

Acute inflammation and infection of alveoli, which fill with pus or products of the inflammatory reaction.

Front 81

pulmonary abscess

Back 81

a large collection of pus (bacterial infection) in the lungs.

Front 82

pulmonary edema

Back 82

Swelling and fluid in the air sacs and bronchioles

Front 83

pulmonary embolism (PE

Back 83

Clot (thrombus or other material lodges in vessels of the lung.

Front 84

pulmonary fibrosis

Back 84

Formation of scar tissue in the connective tissue of the lungs.

Front 85

sarcoidosis

Back 85

Chronic inflammatory disease of unknown cause in which small nodules or tubercles develop in lungs, lymph nodes, and other organs.

Front 86

tuberculosis (TB)

Back 86

Infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis; lungs usually are involved, but any organ in teh body may be affected.

Front 87

mesothelioma

Back 87

Rare malignant tumor arising in the pleura; associated with asbestos exposure.

Front 88

pleural effusion

Back 88

Abnormal accumulation of fluid in the pleural space (cavity).

Front 89

pleurisy (plueuritis)

Back 89

Inflammation of the pleura

Front 90

pneumothorax

Back 90

collection of air in the pleural space.

Front 91

pulmonary abscess

Back 91

a large collection of pus (bacterial infection) in the lungs.

Front 92

pulmonary edema

Back 92

Swelling and fluid in the air sacs and bronchioles

Front 93

pulmonary embolism (PE

Back 93

Clot (thrombus or other material lodges in vessels of the lung.

Front 94

pulmonary fibrosis

Back 94

Formation of scar tissue in the connective tissue of the lungs.

Front 95

sarcoidosis

Back 95

Chronic inflammatory disease of unknown cause in which small nodules or tubercles develop in lungs, lymph nodes, and other organs.

Front 96

tuberculosis (TB)

Back 96

Infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis; lungs usually are involved, but any organ in teh body may be affected.

Front 97

mesothelioma

Back 97

Rare malignant tumor arising in the pleura; associated with asbestos exposure.

Front 98

pleural effusion

Back 98

Abnormal accumulation of fluid in the pleural space (cavity).

Front 99

pleurisy (plueuritis)

Back 99

Inflammation of the pleura

Front 100

pneumothorax

Back 100

collection of air in the pleural space.

Front 101

chest x-ray (CXR)

Back 101

Radiographic image of the thoracic cavity (chest film).

Front 102

computed tomography (CT)

Back 102

Computer-generated x-ray images show thoracic structures in cross section.

Front 103

pulmonary angiography or arteriography

Back 103

X-ray images are obtained after radiopaque contrast is injected into the pulmonary

Front 104

magnetic resonance imaging

Back 104

Magnetic waves create detailed images of the chest in frontal, lateral, and cross-sectional (axial) planes.

Front 105

positron emission tomography (PET) scan of the lung

Back 105

Radioactive substance is injected and images reveal metabolic activity in the lung.

Front 106

ventilation-perfusion (V/Q)

Back 106

Detection device records radioactivity in the lung after injection of a radioisotope or inhalation of small amount of radioactive gas (xenon).

Front 107

bronchoscopy

Back 107

Fiberoptic or rigid endoscope inserted into the bronchial tubes for diagnosis, biopsy, or collection of specimens.

Front 108

endotracheal intubation

Back 108

placement of a tube through the mouth into the pharynx, larynx, and trachea to establish an airway.

Front 109

laryngoscopy

Back 109

visual examination of the voice box

Front 110

lung biopsy

Back 110

Removal of lung tissue followed by microscopic examination

Front 111

mediastinoscopy

Back 111

Endoscopic visual examination of the mediastinum

Front 112

pulmonary function tests (PFTs)

Back 112

Tests that measure the ventilation mechanics of the lung (airway function, lung volume, and capacity of the lungs to exchange oxygen and carbon dioxide efficiently.

Front 113

thoracentesis

Back 113

Surgical puncture to remove fluid from the pleural space

Front 114

thoracotomy

Back 114

Major surgical incision of the chest

Front 115

thoracoscopy

Back 115

Visual examination of the chest via small incisions and use of an endoscope.

Front 116

tracheostomy

Back 116

Surgical creation of a opening into the trachea through the neck

Front 117

tuberculin Test

Back 117

Determines past or present tuberculous infection based on a positive skin reaction.

Front 118

tube thoracostomy

Back 118

chest tube is passed through an opening in the skin of the chest to continously drain a pleural effusion.

Front 119

ABGs

Back 119

Arterial blood gases

Front 120

AFB

Back 120

acid-fast bacillus

Front 121

ARDS

Back 121

acute respiratory distress syndrome-a group of signs and symptoms including tachypnea, dyspnea, tachycardia, hypoxemia, and cyanosis associated with acute respiratory failure

Front 122

BAL

Back 122

bronchioalveolar lavage

Front 123

Bronch

Back 123

bronchoscopy

Front 124

CO2

Back 124

Carbon dioxide

Front 125

COPD

Back 125

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease-airway obstruction associated with emphysema and chronic bronchitis

Front 126

CPAP

Back 126

continuous positive airway pressure

Front 127

CPR

Back 127

cardiopulmonary resuscitation-three basic steps.

Front 128

C&S

Back 128

culture and sensitivity

Front 129

CTA

Back 129

clear to auscultation

Front 130

CXR

Back 130

Chest x-ray (film)

Front 131

DL (small subscript co)

Back 131

diffusion capacity of the lung for carbon monoxide.

Front 132

DOE

Back 132

dyspnea on exertion

Front 133

DPI

Back 133

dry powder inhaler

Front 134

DPT

Back 134

diphtheria, pertussis, tetanus toxoids for vaccination of infants, to provide immunity to these diseases

Front 135

ERV

Back 135

expiratory reserve-maximal volume of gas that can be exhaled after resting volume exhalation

Front 136

FEV (subscript 1)

Back 136

forced expiratory volume in 1 second

Front 137

FCV

Back 137

forced vital capacity-amount of gas that can be forcibly and rapidly exhaled after a full inspiration

Front 138

HHN

Back 138

hand-held nebulizer-device for administering aerosolized drug (in fine spray).

Front 139

HCO3

Back 139

bicarbonate-measured in blood to determine acidity or alkalinity

Front 140

ICU

Back 140

Intensive Care Unit

Front 141

IRV

Back 141

inspiratory reserve volume- maximum volume of gas that can be inhaled beyond normal resting inspiration.

Front 142

LLL

Back 142

Left Lower Lobe (of lung)

Front 143

LUL

Back 143

Left upper lobe (of lung)

Front 144

MDI

Back 144

metered-dose-inhaler - used to deliver aerosolized medications to patients with respiratory disease

Front 145

NC

Back 145

nasal cannula

Front 146

NIV

Back 146

noninvasive ventilation

Front 147

NSCLC

Back 147

non-small cell lung cancer

Front 148

02

Back 148

oxygen

Front 149

OSA

Back 149

Obstructive sleep apnea

Front 150

Paco (subscript 2)

Back 150

carbon dioxide partial pressure - a measure of the amount of carbon.

Front 151

Pao(subscript 2)

Back 151

oxygen partial pressure-a measure of the amount of oxygen in arterial blood.

Front 152

PA gram

Back 152

pulmonary angiogram

Front 153

PCP

Back 153

pneumocystis pneumonia - a type of penumonia seen in patients with aids or other immunosuppression

Front 154

PE

Back 154

pulmonary embolism

Front 155

PEP

Back 155

Positive expiratory pressure, mechanical ventilator strategy in which patient takes a deep breath and the exhales through a device that resists air flow (helps refill underventiliated areas of the lung.)

Front 156

PEEP

Back 156

positive end-expiratory pressure - a common mechanical ventilator setting in which airway pressure is maintained above atmospheric pressure.

Front 157

PFTs

Back 157

pulmonary function test

Front 158

PND

Back 158

paroxysmal noctural dyspnea

Front 159

PPD

Back 159

purified protein derivative-substance used in a tuberculosis test.

Front 160

RDS

Back 160

Respiratory distress syndrome-in the newborn infant, condition marked by dyspnea and cyanosis and related to absence of surfactant, a substance that permits normal expansion of lungs; also called hyaline membrane disease.

Front 161

RLL

Back 161

Right lower lobe (of lung)

Front 162

RSV

Back 162

respiratory syncytial virus-a common cause of bronchiolitis, bronchopneumonia, and the common cold, especially in children.

Front 163

RUL

Back 163

right upper lobe (of lung)

Front 164

RV

Back 164

residual volume - amount of air remaining in lungs at the end of maximal expiration

Front 165

SCLC

Back 165

Small cell lung cancer

Front 166

SIMV

Back 166

synchronized intermittent mandatory ventilation

Front 167

SOA

Back 167

shortness of air

Front 168

SOB

Back 168

shortness of breath

Front 169

TB

Back 169

tuberculosis

Front 170

TBNA

Back 170

transbronchial needle aspiration (for biopsy of lesions)

Front 171

TLC

Back 171

total lung capacity- volume of gas in the lungs at the end of maximal inspiration; equals VC plus RV

Front 172

URI

Back 172

upper respiratory infection

Front 173

VT (the T is a subscript)

Back 173

tidal volume-amount of air inhaled and exhaled during a normal ventilation.

Front 174

VAP

Back 174

ventilator-associated pneumonia-bacterial pneumonia in a patient who has been on mechanical ventilation for 48 hours or more.

Front 175

VATS

Back 175

video-assisted thoracic surgery(thorascopy)

Front 176

VC

Back 176

Vital capacity-equals inspiratory reserve volume plus expiratory
reserve volume plus tidal volume

Front 177

V/Q Scan

Back 177

ventilation-perfusion scan - radioactive test of lung ventilation and blood perfusion throughout the lung capillaries (lung scan).