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39 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Two divisions of nervous system
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Central Nervous System: brain & spinal cord
Peripheral Nervous System: everything else |
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Two structural classifications of PNS
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Cranial Nerves & Spinal Nerves
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Two functional classifications of PNS
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Somatic Nervous System
& Autonomic Nervous System |
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Two types of nerves in Somatic & Autonomic Nervous Systems
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Afferent & Efferent Nerves
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Afferent nerves conduct messages ______ the brain and spinal cord.
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toward
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Efferent nerves conduct messages __________ the brain and spinal cord.
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away from
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"main" structure of neuron
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Cell body (soma)
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Cluster of cell bodies in CNS
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nuclei
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Cluster of cell bodies in PNS
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ganglia
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"Receiver" processes of neuron
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Dendrites
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"Transmitter" process of neuron
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Axon
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Specialized portion of plasma membrane on axon
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axolemma
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Part of axon where impulse arises
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Initial Segment (base)
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Thickened region of cell body where axon attaches
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axon hillock
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Branched region at end of axon
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Axon terminal
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Flattened ends of axon terminals
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synaptic end bulbs
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Synaptic end bulbs contain _____ filled with ________.
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synaptic vesicles, neurotransmitters
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dark-staining structures in cell body
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Nissl bodies (rough E.R.)
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part of cytoskeleton - in cell body - seen in histology as thin black lines
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neurofibrils
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Branch leading off of axon (not branches at the end)
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Collaterals
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Specialized junction between two neurons
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Synapse
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Two neurons at a synapse
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Presynaptic cell
& Postsynaptic cell |
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chemical released by synaptic vesicles in presynaptic cell
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neurotransmitter
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Space between presynaptic & postsynaptic cells
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Synaptic cleft
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Neuron which releases neurotransmitter
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Presynaptic Cell
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Neuron with receptors for neurotransmitter
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Postsynaptic cell
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Movement of materials between cell body and synaptic end bulb
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Axoplasmic transport
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Two types of axoplasmic transport
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Anterograde
& Retrograde |
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flow of materials from cell body to the synaptic end bulb (specific direction)
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Anterograde axoplasmic transport
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flow of materials from synaptic end bulb to cell body (specific direction)
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Retrograde axoplasmic transport
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3 Structural Classifications of Neurons
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Multipolar
Bipolar Unipolar |
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3 Functional Classifications of Neurons
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Sensory (afferent)
Interneurons (association) Motor (efferent) |
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Structural Classification of Interneurons and Motor neurons
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Multipolar
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Bundle of neuron fibers or processes wrapped in connective tissue coverings
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Nerve
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3 Types of Nerves
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Sensory (afferent)
Motor (efferent) Mixed |
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Bundle of neurons within a nerve
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Fascicle
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Connective Tissue Surrounding individual neuron
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Endoneurium
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Connective Tissue surrounding each fascicle
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Perineurium
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Connective Tissue surrounding entire nerve
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Epineurium
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