Chapter 12 - Nervous System

Front 1

neur/o

Back 1

nerve

Front 2

neuralgia

Back 2

pain along the path of a nerve

Front 3

-algia

Back 3

pain

Front 4

-esthesia

Back 4

feeling, sensation

Front 5

anesthesia

Back 5

without feeling or sensation

Front 6

-lepsy

Back 6

seizure

Front 7

-mentia

Back 7

thinking

Front 8

-paresis

Back 8

partial paralysis

Front 9

-plegia

Back 9

paralysis

Front 10

epilepsy

Back 10

type of seizure disorder

Front 11

dementia

Back 11

loss of the ability to think clearly

Front 12

hemiparesis

Back 12

partial paralysis of half the body

Front 13

quadriplegia

Back 13

paralysis of the arms and legs

Front 14

central nervous system

Back 14

brain and spinal cord

Front 15

peripheral nervous system

Back 15

bundles of nerve cells relay information between central nervous system and other organs

Front 16

neuron

Back 16

functional and structural subunit of the nervous system - conduct electrical pulse from one location to another

Front 17

dendr/o

Back 17

dendrite

Front 18

dendrites

Back 18

highly branched prjections at the receptive end of the neuron - sites at which the majority of inputs from other nerve cells are received

Front 19

ax/o

Back 19

axon

Front 20

axon

Back 20

single projection that carries the integrated signal away from the cell body to the neurons target cell or tissue

Front 21

myelin sheath

Back 21

fatty coating around the axon - insulates and increases efficiency

Front 22

neurotransmission

Back 22

process of individual neurons communicating with one another

Front 23

neurotransmitters

Back 23

specialized chemicals stored in tiny sacs generate electrical signal

Front 24

nerves

Back 24

bundles of axons

Front 25

afferent

Back 25

carry toward

Front 26

efferent

Back 26

carry away

Front 27

cerebrum

Back 27

largest functional division of the brain - higher functions such as speech and memory

Front 28

thalamus

Back 28

collection of neurons below the cerebrum - processing center for sensory and motor impulses passing into and out of cerebral cortex

Front 29

hypothalamus

Back 29

located below the thalamus - coordinates primitive aspects of behavior - appetite, sleep, sexual desire, and emotions fear and pleasure - regulates release of hormones from pituitary gland - coordinates responses to the nervous and endocrine systems

Front 30

spinal cord

Back 30

column of nervous tissue which is surrounded and protected by the vertebrae

Front 31

cerebrospinal fluid

Back 31

liquid similar to plasma or lymph that bathes the brain and spinal cord - serves as protection, shock absorber, and supplies nutrients

Front 32

peripheral nervous system

Back 32

nervous tissue outside of the skull and vertebral column

Front 33

neur/o

Back 33

nerve

Front 34

hypothalam/o

Back 34

hypothalamus

Front 35

encephal/o

Back 35

brain

Front 36

cerebellum

Back 36

attached to the brain stem - plays a role in equilibrium, posture, and muscular coordination

Front 37

brainstem

Back 37

central control of involuntary process

Front 38

akinesia

Back 38

without movement - inability to move due to loss of voluntary muscle control

Front 39

Alzheimer's disease

Back 39

degenerative disorder in which progressive loss of brain cells leads to memory loss

Front 40

aphasia

Back 40

inability to produce or to understand spoken language

Front 41

cerebral palsy

Back 41

birth or infant disorder leads to motor deficits including paralysis or loss of muscular coordination

Front 42

cerebrovascular accident

Back 42

cerbrum vessel accident - stroke due to a clot or rupture in the blood supply

Front 43

hemiplegia

Back 43

paralysis affecting only the right or left side of the body

Front 44

Lou Gehrig's disease

Back 44

degenerative disorder - loss of motor neurons in the spinal cord (ALS)

Front 45

meningitis

Back 45

inflammation of the membranes surrounding the brain or spinal cord

Front 46

neuritis

Back 46

inflammation of a nerve

Front 47

neuroma

Back 47

tumor arising from the neuronal tissue

Front 48

paraplegia

Back 48

paralysis of the lower portion of the body

Front 49

Parkinson's disease

Back 49

degenerative disorder - loss of brain cells impairs motor function

Front 50

syncope

Back 50

loss of consciousness occuring as a result of diminished blood flow to the brain

Front 51

magnetic resonance imaging

Back 51

magnetic waves are used to produce detailed image of structures

Front 52

lobotomy

Back 52

surgical incision into the frontal lobe fo the brain