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104 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
CEPHAL/O
head
CEREBELL/O
cerebellum
CEREBR/O
cerebrum
ENCEPHAL/O
brain
GLI/O
glue
MEDULL/O
medulla
MENING/O
meninges
MENINGI/O
meninges
MYEL/O
spinal cord
NARC/O
stupor
NEUR/O
nerve
PHAS/O
speech
POLI/O
gray matter
PONT/O
pons
RADICUL/O
nerve root
THALAM/O
thalamus
VENTRICUL/O
ventricle
-AGLESIA
sensitivity to pain
-ESTHESIA
feeling; sensation
-KINESIA
movement
-LEPSY
seizure
-PARESIS
weakness
-PHASIA
speech
-PLEGIA
paralysis
-STHENIA
strength
-TAXIA
muscle coordination
FRONTAL LOBE
most anterior of cerebrum; controls motor function, personality, and speech
PARIETAL LOBE
most superior of cerebrum; receives & interprets nerve impulses from sensory receptors & interprets language
OCCIPITAL LOBE
most posterior of cerebrum; controls vision
TEMPORAL LOBE
left & right lateral sides of cerebrum; controls hearing & smell
THALAMUS
composed of gray matter; center for relaying impulses from the eyes, ears, & skin to cerebrum; controls pain perception
HYPOTHALAMUS
below thalamus; controls body temp, appetite, sleep, sexual desire, & emotions; controls ANS, cardio system, gastrointestinal system, & release of hormones from the pituitary gland
MIDBRAIN
pathway for impulses between brain & SC
PONS
connects cerebellum to rest of brain
MEDULLA OBLONGATA
most inferior position in brain; connects brain to SC; contains centers that control respiration, heart rate, temperature, & blood pressure; where nerve tracts cross from one side of the brain to control functions & movement on the other side of the body
I. OLFACTORY
transports impulses for sense of smell
II. OPTIC
carries impulses for sense of sight
III. OCCULOMOTOR
motor impulses for eye muscle movement & the pupil of eye
IV. TROCHLEAR
controls oblique muscle of eye on each side
V. TRIGEMINAL
carries sensory facial impulses & controls muscles for chewing; branches into eye, forehead, upper & lower limbs
VI. ABDUCENS
controls an eyeball muscle to turn eye to side
VII. FACIAL
controls facial muscles for expression, salivation, & taste on two-thirds of tongue (anterior)
VIII. VESTIBULOCOCHLEAR
responsible of equilibrium & hearing; also called auditory nerve
IX. GLOSSOPHARYNGEAL
carries sensory impulses from pharynx (swallowing) & taste on one-third of tongue
X. VAGUS
supplies most organs in abdominal & thoracic cavities
XI. ACCESSORY
controls the neck & shoulder muscles
XII. HYPOGLOSSAL
controls tongue muscles
AURA
sensations, such as seeing colors or smelling an unusual odor, that occur just prior to an epileptic seizure
CHOREA
involuntary nervous disorder that results in muscular twitching of the limbs or facial muscles
COMA
abnormal deep sleep or stupor resulting from an illness or injury
CONSCIOUS
condition of being awake and aware of surroundings
CONVULSION
sever involuntary muscle contractions & relaxation; have a variety of causes, such as epilepsy, fever, & toxic conditions
DELIRIUM
an abnormal mental state characterized by confusion, disorientation, & agitation
DEMENTIA
progressive impairment of intellectual function that interferes with performing the activities of daily living; patients have little awareness of their condition
FOCAL SEIZURE
a localized epileptic seizure often affecting one limb
GRAND MAL SEIZURE
a type of severe epileptic seizure characterized by a loss of consciousness and convulsions; AKA tonic-clonic seizure, indicating that the seizure alternates between strongs continuous muscle spasms (tonic)& rhythmic muscle contraction & relaxation (clonic)
HEMIPARESIS
weakness or loss of motion on one side of the body
HEMIPLEGIA
paralysis on only one side of the body
INTRATHECAL
pertaining to within the meninges
LETHARGY
condition of sluggishness or stupor
NEUROSURGEON
a physician specialized in treating conditions & diseases of the nervous systems by surgical means
PALSY
temporary or permanent loss of ability to control movement
PARALYSIS
temporary or permanent loss of function or voluntary movement
PARAPLEGIA
paralysis of lower portion of the body & both legs
PARESTHESIA
an abnormal sensation such as burning or tingling
PETIT MAL SEIZURE
lasts only a dew seconds to healf a minute, characterized by as loss of awareness & an absence of activity; AKA absence seizure
SCIATICA
pain in low back that radiates down the back of a leg caused be pressure on the sciatic nerve from a herniated nucleus pulposus
SEIZURE
sudden attack of severe muscular consciousness; seen in grand mal epilepsy
SLEEP DISORDER
any condition that interferes with sleep other than environmental noises; can include difficulty sleeping (insomnia), extreme sleepiness (somnolence), nightmares, night terrors, sleepwalking, & apnea
SYNCOPE
fainting
TIC
spasmodic, involuntary muscular contraction involving the head, face, mouth, eyes, neck, & shoulders
TREMOR
involuntary quivering movement of a part of the body
UNCONSCIOUS
condition or state of being unaware of surroundings, with inability to respond to stimuli
ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE
chronic, organic mental disorder consisting of dementia, which is more prevalent in adults between 40 & 60. involves progressive disorientation, apathy, speech & gait disturbances, & loss of memory; named for Alois Alzheimer, a german neurologist
AMYOTROPIC LATERAL SCLEROSIS
disease with muscular weakness & atrophy due to degeneration of motor neurons of the spinal cord; AKA Lou Gehrig's Disease
ASTROCYTOMA
tumor of the brain or spinal cord that is composed of astrocytes, one of the types of neuroglial cells
BELL'S PALSY
one-sided facial paralysis with an unknown cause; person can't control salivation, tearing of the eyes, or expression; patient will eventually recover; named for Sir Charles Bell, a Scottish surgeon
BRAIN TUMOR
intracranial mass, either benign or malignant; a benign tumor of brain can still be fatal since it will grow and cause pressure on normal brain tissue
CEREBRAL ANEURYSM
localized abnormal dilation of a blood vessel, usually an artery; the result of a congenital defect or weakness in wall of vessel; a ruptured aneurysm is a common cause of a hemorrhagic CVA
CEREBRAL CONTUSION
bruising of the brain from a blow or impact; symptoms last longer than 24 hours & include
CEREBRAL PALSY
nonprogressive brain damage resulting from a defect or trauma at the time or birth
CEREBROVASCULAR ACCIDENT (CVA)
stroke; development of infarct due to loss in blood supply to an area of the brain; blood flow can be interrupted by ruptures b.v. (hemorrhage), a floating clot (embolus), stationary clot (thrombosis), or compression; extent of damage depends on size/location of infarct & often includes dysphasia & hemiplagia
CONCUSSION
injury to brain that results from brain being shaken inside skull from a blow or impact; can result in unconsciousness, dizziness, vomitting, unequal pupil size, & shock; symptoms last 24 hours or less
ENCEPHALOCELE
congenital gap in skull with brain protruding through gap
EPIDURAL HEMATOMA
mass of blood in space outside dura mater of brain & spinal cord
EPILEPSY
recurrent disorder of the brain in which seizure & loss of consciousness occur as a result of uncontrolled electrical activity of neurons in the brain
GUILLAN-BARRE SYNDROME
disease of nervous system in which nerves lose myelin covering, be caused by an autoimmune reaction; characterized by loss of sensation &/or muscle control in arms & legs; symptoms then move toward the trunk & may even result in paralysis of diaphragm
HUNTINGTON'S CHOREA
disease of CNS that results in progressive dementia w/ bizarre involuntary movements of parts of body; named for George Huntington, American physician
HYDROCEPHALUS
accumulation of cerebrospinal fluid within the ventricles of the brain, causing the head to be enlarged; treated by creating an artificial shunt for the fluid to leave the brain
MENINGIOMA
slow-growing tumor in meninges of brain
MENINGOCELE
congenital condition in which meninges protrudes through an opening in vertebral column
MIGRAINE
a specific type of headache characterized by sever head pain, photophobia, vertigo, & nausea
MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS
inflammatory disease of CNS in which there is extreme weakness & numbness due to loss of myelin insulation from nerves
MYASTHENIA GRAVIS
disease with severe muscular weakness & fatigue due to insufficient neurotransmitter at a synapse
MYELOMENINGOCELE
congenital condition in which meninges & spinal cord protrude through an opening in vertebral column
NARCOLEPSY
chronic disorder in which there is an extreme uncontrollable desire to sleep
PARKINSON'S DISEASE
chronic disorder of the nervous system with fine tremors, muscular weakness, rigidity, & a shuffling gait; Sir Jame Parkinson (british)
REYE'S SYNDROME
combo of symptoms first recognized by R.D.K. Reye (Australia), in which there is acute encephalopathy & various organ damage; occurs in children under 15 who have had a viral infection
SHINGLES
eruption of vesicles on trunk of body along a nerve path; can be painful & generally occurs on only one side of body
SPINA BIFIDA
congenital defect in walls of spinal canal in which the laminae of vertebra do not meet or close; results in meningocele or a myelomeningocele; can also result in other defects, such as hydrocephalus
SPINAL CORD INJURY
damage to spinal cord as a result of trauma; may be bruised of completely severed
SUBDURAL HEMATOMA
mass of blood forming beneath dura mater if meninges are torn by trauma; may exert fatal pressure on brain if hematoma is not drained by surgery
TIC DOULOUREUX
painful condition in which the trigeminal nerve is affected by pressure or degeneratio; pain is of a severe stabbing nature & radiates from the jaw & along the face
TRANSIENT ISCHEMIC
temporary interference with blood supply to the brain, causing neurological symptoms such as dizziness, numbness, & hemiparesis; may eventually lead to a full-blown stroke (CVA)