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104 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
CEPHAL/O
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head
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CEREBELL/O
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cerebellum
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CEREBR/O
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cerebrum
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ENCEPHAL/O
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brain
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GLI/O
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glue
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MEDULL/O
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medulla
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MENING/O
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meninges
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MENINGI/O
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meninges
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MYEL/O
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spinal cord
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NARC/O
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stupor
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NEUR/O
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nerve
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PHAS/O
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speech
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POLI/O
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gray matter
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PONT/O
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pons
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RADICUL/O
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nerve root
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THALAM/O
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thalamus
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VENTRICUL/O
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ventricle
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-AGLESIA
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sensitivity to pain
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-ESTHESIA
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feeling; sensation
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-KINESIA
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movement
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-LEPSY
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seizure
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-PARESIS
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weakness
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-PHASIA
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speech
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-PLEGIA
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paralysis
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-STHENIA
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strength
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-TAXIA
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muscle coordination
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FRONTAL LOBE
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most anterior of cerebrum; controls motor function, personality, and speech
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PARIETAL LOBE
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most superior of cerebrum; receives & interprets nerve impulses from sensory receptors & interprets language
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OCCIPITAL LOBE
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most posterior of cerebrum; controls vision
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TEMPORAL LOBE
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left & right lateral sides of cerebrum; controls hearing & smell
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THALAMUS
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composed of gray matter; center for relaying impulses from the eyes, ears, & skin to cerebrum; controls pain perception
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HYPOTHALAMUS
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below thalamus; controls body temp, appetite, sleep, sexual desire, & emotions; controls ANS, cardio system, gastrointestinal system, & release of hormones from the pituitary gland
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MIDBRAIN
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pathway for impulses between brain & SC
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PONS
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connects cerebellum to rest of brain
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MEDULLA OBLONGATA
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most inferior position in brain; connects brain to SC; contains centers that control respiration, heart rate, temperature, & blood pressure; where nerve tracts cross from one side of the brain to control functions & movement on the other side of the body
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I. OLFACTORY
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transports impulses for sense of smell
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II. OPTIC
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carries impulses for sense of sight
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III. OCCULOMOTOR
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motor impulses for eye muscle movement & the pupil of eye
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IV. TROCHLEAR
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controls oblique muscle of eye on each side
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V. TRIGEMINAL
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carries sensory facial impulses & controls muscles for chewing; branches into eye, forehead, upper & lower limbs
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VI. ABDUCENS
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controls an eyeball muscle to turn eye to side
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VII. FACIAL
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controls facial muscles for expression, salivation, & taste on two-thirds of tongue (anterior)
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VIII. VESTIBULOCOCHLEAR
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responsible of equilibrium & hearing; also called auditory nerve
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IX. GLOSSOPHARYNGEAL
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carries sensory impulses from pharynx (swallowing) & taste on one-third of tongue
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X. VAGUS
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supplies most organs in abdominal & thoracic cavities
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XI. ACCESSORY
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controls the neck & shoulder muscles
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XII. HYPOGLOSSAL
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controls tongue muscles
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AURA
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sensations, such as seeing colors or smelling an unusual odor, that occur just prior to an epileptic seizure
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CHOREA
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involuntary nervous disorder that results in muscular twitching of the limbs or facial muscles
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COMA
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abnormal deep sleep or stupor resulting from an illness or injury
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CONSCIOUS
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condition of being awake and aware of surroundings
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CONVULSION
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sever involuntary muscle contractions & relaxation; have a variety of causes, such as epilepsy, fever, & toxic conditions
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DELIRIUM
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an abnormal mental state characterized by confusion, disorientation, & agitation
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DEMENTIA
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progressive impairment of intellectual function that interferes with performing the activities of daily living; patients have little awareness of their condition
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FOCAL SEIZURE
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a localized epileptic seizure often affecting one limb
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GRAND MAL SEIZURE
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a type of severe epileptic seizure characterized by a loss of consciousness and convulsions; AKA tonic-clonic seizure, indicating that the seizure alternates between strongs continuous muscle spasms (tonic)& rhythmic muscle contraction & relaxation (clonic)
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HEMIPARESIS
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weakness or loss of motion on one side of the body
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HEMIPLEGIA
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paralysis on only one side of the body
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INTRATHECAL
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pertaining to within the meninges
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LETHARGY
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condition of sluggishness or stupor
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NEUROSURGEON
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a physician specialized in treating conditions & diseases of the nervous systems by surgical means
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PALSY
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temporary or permanent loss of ability to control movement
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PARALYSIS
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temporary or permanent loss of function or voluntary movement
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PARAPLEGIA
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paralysis of lower portion of the body & both legs
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PARESTHESIA
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an abnormal sensation such as burning or tingling
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PETIT MAL SEIZURE
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lasts only a dew seconds to healf a minute, characterized by as loss of awareness & an absence of activity; AKA absence seizure
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SCIATICA
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pain in low back that radiates down the back of a leg caused be pressure on the sciatic nerve from a herniated nucleus pulposus
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SEIZURE
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sudden attack of severe muscular consciousness; seen in grand mal epilepsy
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SLEEP DISORDER
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any condition that interferes with sleep other than environmental noises; can include difficulty sleeping (insomnia), extreme sleepiness (somnolence), nightmares, night terrors, sleepwalking, & apnea
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SYNCOPE
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fainting
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TIC
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spasmodic, involuntary muscular contraction involving the head, face, mouth, eyes, neck, & shoulders
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TREMOR
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involuntary quivering movement of a part of the body
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UNCONSCIOUS
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condition or state of being unaware of surroundings, with inability to respond to stimuli
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ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE
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chronic, organic mental disorder consisting of dementia, which is more prevalent in adults between 40 & 60. involves progressive disorientation, apathy, speech & gait disturbances, & loss of memory; named for Alois Alzheimer, a german neurologist
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AMYOTROPIC LATERAL SCLEROSIS
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disease with muscular weakness & atrophy due to degeneration of motor neurons of the spinal cord; AKA Lou Gehrig's Disease
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ASTROCYTOMA
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tumor of the brain or spinal cord that is composed of astrocytes, one of the types of neuroglial cells
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BELL'S PALSY
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one-sided facial paralysis with an unknown cause; person can't control salivation, tearing of the eyes, or expression; patient will eventually recover; named for Sir Charles Bell, a Scottish surgeon
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BRAIN TUMOR
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intracranial mass, either benign or malignant; a benign tumor of brain can still be fatal since it will grow and cause pressure on normal brain tissue
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CEREBRAL ANEURYSM
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localized abnormal dilation of a blood vessel, usually an artery; the result of a congenital defect or weakness in wall of vessel; a ruptured aneurysm is a common cause of a hemorrhagic CVA
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CEREBRAL CONTUSION
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bruising of the brain from a blow or impact; symptoms last longer than 24 hours & include
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CEREBRAL PALSY
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nonprogressive brain damage resulting from a defect or trauma at the time or birth
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CEREBROVASCULAR ACCIDENT (CVA)
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stroke; development of infarct due to loss in blood supply to an area of the brain; blood flow can be interrupted by ruptures b.v. (hemorrhage), a floating clot (embolus), stationary clot (thrombosis), or compression; extent of damage depends on size/location of infarct & often includes dysphasia & hemiplagia
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CONCUSSION
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injury to brain that results from brain being shaken inside skull from a blow or impact; can result in unconsciousness, dizziness, vomitting, unequal pupil size, & shock; symptoms last 24 hours or less
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ENCEPHALOCELE
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congenital gap in skull with brain protruding through gap
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EPIDURAL HEMATOMA
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mass of blood in space outside dura mater of brain & spinal cord
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EPILEPSY
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recurrent disorder of the brain in which seizure & loss of consciousness occur as a result of uncontrolled electrical activity of neurons in the brain
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GUILLAN-BARRE SYNDROME
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disease of nervous system in which nerves lose myelin covering, be caused by an autoimmune reaction; characterized by loss of sensation &/or muscle control in arms & legs; symptoms then move toward the trunk & may even result in paralysis of diaphragm
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HUNTINGTON'S CHOREA
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disease of CNS that results in progressive dementia w/ bizarre involuntary movements of parts of body; named for George Huntington, American physician
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HYDROCEPHALUS
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accumulation of cerebrospinal fluid within the ventricles of the brain, causing the head to be enlarged; treated by creating an artificial shunt for the fluid to leave the brain
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MENINGIOMA
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slow-growing tumor in meninges of brain
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MENINGOCELE
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congenital condition in which meninges protrudes through an opening in vertebral column
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MIGRAINE
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a specific type of headache characterized by sever head pain, photophobia, vertigo, & nausea
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MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS
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inflammatory disease of CNS in which there is extreme weakness & numbness due to loss of myelin insulation from nerves
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MYASTHENIA GRAVIS
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disease with severe muscular weakness & fatigue due to insufficient neurotransmitter at a synapse
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MYELOMENINGOCELE
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congenital condition in which meninges & spinal cord protrude through an opening in vertebral column
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NARCOLEPSY
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chronic disorder in which there is an extreme uncontrollable desire to sleep
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PARKINSON'S DISEASE
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chronic disorder of the nervous system with fine tremors, muscular weakness, rigidity, & a shuffling gait; Sir Jame Parkinson (british)
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REYE'S SYNDROME
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combo of symptoms first recognized by R.D.K. Reye (Australia), in which there is acute encephalopathy & various organ damage; occurs in children under 15 who have had a viral infection
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SHINGLES
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eruption of vesicles on trunk of body along a nerve path; can be painful & generally occurs on only one side of body
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SPINA BIFIDA
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congenital defect in walls of spinal canal in which the laminae of vertebra do not meet or close; results in meningocele or a myelomeningocele; can also result in other defects, such as hydrocephalus
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SPINAL CORD INJURY
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damage to spinal cord as a result of trauma; may be bruised of completely severed
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SUBDURAL HEMATOMA
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mass of blood forming beneath dura mater if meninges are torn by trauma; may exert fatal pressure on brain if hematoma is not drained by surgery
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TIC DOULOUREUX
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painful condition in which the trigeminal nerve is affected by pressure or degeneratio; pain is of a severe stabbing nature & radiates from the jaw & along the face
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TRANSIENT ISCHEMIC
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temporary interference with blood supply to the brain, causing neurological symptoms such as dizziness, numbness, & hemiparesis; may eventually lead to a full-blown stroke (CVA)
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