Chapter 12 Female Reproductive System

Front 1

fulguration

Back 1

Destruction of tissue using a high-frequency electrical current

Front 2

genitalia

Back 2

The sex, or reproductive, organs visible on the outside of the body

Front 3

gestation

Back 3

The length of time from conception to birth

Front 4

glans

Back 4

Small, rounded mass or glandlike body; erectile tissue at the ends of theclitoris and the penis

Front 5

lactation

Back 5

Production and release of milk by mammary glands

Front 6

orifice

Back 6

Mouth; entrance or outlet of any anatomic structure

Front 7

puerperium

Back 7

Time after childbirth that lasts approximately 6 weeks, during which theanatomic and physiological changes brought about by pregnancy resolveand a woman adjusts to the new or expanded responsibilities of motherhoodand nonpregnant life

Front 8

viable

Back 8

Capable of sustaining life; denotes a fetus sufficiently developed to liveoutside of the uterus

Front 9

amni/o

Back 9

amnion (amnioticsac)

Front 10

cervic/o

Back 10

neck; cervix uteri(neck of uterus)

Front 11

colp/o

vagin/o

Back 11

vagina

Front 12

galact/o

lact/o

Back 12

milk

Front 13

gynec/o

Back 13

woman, female

Front 14

hyster/o

Back 14

uterus (womb)

Front 15

mamm/o

mast/o

Back 15

breast

Front 16

men/o

Back 16

menses,menstruation

Front 17

metri/o

uter/o

Back 17

uterus (womb)

Front 18

metr/o

Back 18

uterus (womb);measure

Front 19

nat/o

Back 19

birth

Front 20

oophor/o

ovari/o

Back 20

ovary

Front 21

perine/o

Back 21

perineum

Front 22

salping/o

Back 22

tube (usually fallopianor eustachian[auditory] tubes)

Front 23

-arche

Back 23

beginning

Front 24

-cyesis

Back 24

pregnancy

Front 25

-gravida

Back 25

pregnant woman

Front 26

-para

Back 26

to bear (offspring)

Front 27

-salpinx

Back 27

tube (usually fallopianor eustachian[auditory] tubes)

Front 28

-tocia

Back 28

childbirth, labor

Front 29

-version

Back 29

turning

Front 30

ante-

Back 30

before, in front of

Front 31

dys-

Back 31

bad; painful; difficult

Front 32

endo-

Back 32

in, within

Front 33

multi-

Back 33

many, much

Front 34

post-

Back 34

after

Front 35

primi-

Back 35

first

Front 36

adnexa

Back 36

Accessory parts of a structure

Front 37

atresia

Back 37

Congenital absence or closure of a normal body opening, such asthe vagina

Front 38

choriocarcinoma

Back 38

Malignant neoplasm of the uterus or at the site of an ectopicpregnancy

chori/o: chorion

carcin: cancer

-oma: tumor

Front 39

corpus luteum

Back 39

Ovarian scar tissue that results from rupturing of a follicle duringovulation and becomes a small yellow body that produces progesteroneafter ovulation

Front 40

contraceptive diaphragm

Back 40

Contraceptive device consisting of a hemisphere of thin rubberbonded to a flexible ring; inserted into the vagina together withspermicidal jelly or cream up to 2 hours before coitus so that spermatozoacannot enter the uterus, thus preventing conception

Front 41

dyspareunia

Back 41

Occurrence of pain during sexual intercourse

Front 42

endocervicitis

Back 42

Inflammation of the mucous lining of the cervix uteri

endo-: in, within

cervic: neck; cervix uteri(neck of the uterus)

-itis: inflammation

Front 43

fibroids

Back 43

Benign uterine tumors composed of muscle and fibrous tissue; alsocalled leiomyomas (myomas) and fibromyoma uteri

fibr: fiber, fibrous tissue

-oids: resembling

Front 44

infertility

Back 44

Inability or diminished ability to produce offspring

Front 45

hormonal contraception

Back 45

Use of hormones to suppress ovulation and prevent conception

Front 46

oral contraceptivepills (OCPs)

Back 46

Birth control pills containing estrogen and progesterone in varyingproportions

Front 47

menarche

Back 47

Beginning of menstrual function

men: menses, menstruation

-arche: beginning

Front 48

oligomenorrhea

Back 48

Scanty or infrequent menstrual flow

olig/o: scanty

men/o: menses, menstruation

-rrhea: discharge, flow

Front 49

perineum

Back 49

Region between the vulva and anus that constitutes the pelvic floor

Front 50

puberty

Back 50

Period during which secondary sex characteristics begin to developand the capability of sexual reproduction is attained

Front 51

pyosalpinx

Back 51

Pus in the fallopian tube

py/o: pus

-salpinx: tube (usually fallopianor eustachian [auditory] tubes)

Front 52

retroversion

Back 52

Turning or state of being turned back, especially an entire organ,such as the uterus, being tipped from its normal position

retro-: backward, behind

-version: turning

Front 53

sterility

Back 53

Inability of the female to become pregnant or the male to impregnatethe female

Front 54

vaginismus

Back 54

Painful spasm of the vagina from contraction of the musclessurrounding the vagina

Front 55

abruptio placentae

Back 55

Premature separation of a normally situated placenta

Front 56

abortion

Back 56

Termination of pregnancy before the embryo or fetus is capable ofsurviving outside the uterus

Front 57

amnion

Back 57

Membrane, continuous with and covering the fetal side of theplacenta, that forms the outer surface of the umbilical cord

Front 58

breech presentation

Back 58

Common abnormality of delivery in which the fetal buttocks or feetpresent rather than the head

Front 59

Down syndrome, trisomy 21

Back 59

Congenital condition characterized by physical malformations andsome degree of mental retardation

Front 60

dystocia

Back 60

Difficult labor, which may be produced by the large size of the fetusor the small size of the pelvic outlet

dys-: bad; painful; difficult

-tocia: childbirth, labor

Front 61

eclampsia

Back 61

Most serious form of toxemia during pregnancy

Front 62

ectopic pregnancy

Back 62

Pregnancy in which the fertilized ovum does not reach the uterinecavity but becomes implanted on any tissue other than the lining ofthe uterine cavity, such as a fallopian tube, an ovary, the abdomen,or even the cervix uteri

Front 63

gravida

Back 63

Pregnant woman

Front 64

multigravida

Back 64

Woman who has been pregnant more than once

multi-: many, much

-gravida: pregnant woman

Front 65

multipara

Back 65

Woman who has delivered more than one viable infant

multi-: many, much

-para: to bear (offspring)

Front 66

para

Back 66

Woman who has given birth to one or more viable infants

Front 67

parturition

Back 67

Process of giving birth

Front 68

pelvimetry

Back 68

Measurement of the pelvic dimensions or proportions, which helpsdetermine whether it will be possible to deliver a fetus through thenormal route

pelv/i: pelvis

-metry: act of measuring

Front 69

placenta previa

Back 69

Condition in which the placenta is attached near the cervix andruptures prematurely, with spotting as the early symptom

Front 70

primigravida

Back 70

Woman pregnant for the first time

primi-: first

-gravida: pregnant woman

Front 71

primipara

Back 71

Woman who has given birth to one viable infant, her first child,indicated by the notation para I on the patient’s chart

primi-: first

-para: to bear (offspring)

Front 72

puerperium

Back 72

Period of 42 days after childbirth and expulsion of the placenta andmembranes, during which the reproductive organs usually returnto normal

Front 73

amniocentesis

Back 73

Transabdominal puncture of the amniotic sac under ultrasoundguidance using a needle and syringe to remove amniotic fluid

amni/o: amnion (amniotic sac)

-centesis: surgical puncture

Front 74

insufflation

Back 74

Delivery of pressurized air or gas into a cavity, chamber, or organto allow visual examination, remove an obstruction, or applymedication

Front 75

insufflation tubal

Back 75

Test for patency of the uterine tubes made by transuterine insufflationwith carbon dioxide; also called Rubin test

Front 76

colposcopy

Back 76

Visual examination of the vagina and cervix with an opticalmagnifying instrument (colposcope)

colp/o: vagina

-scopy: visual examination

Front 77

laparoscopy

Back 77

Visual examination of the abdominal cavity with a laparoscopethrough one or more small incisions in the abdominal wall,usually at the umbilicus

lapar/o: abdomen

-scopy: visual examination

Front 78

chorionic villus sampling(CVS)

Back 78

Sampling of placental tissues for prenatal diagnosis of potentialgenetic defects

Front 79

endometrial biopsy

Back 79

Removal of a sample of uterine endometrium for microscopicstudy

endo-: in, within

metri: uterus(womb); measure

-al: pertaining to, relating to

Front 80

Papanicolaou (Pap) test

Back 80

Cytological study used to detect abnormal cells sloughed fromthe cervix and vagina, usually obtained during routine pelvicexamination

Front 81

mammography

Back 81

Radiographic examination of the soft tissues of the breast

Front 82

hysterosalpingography

Back 82

Radiography of the uterus and uterine tubes (oviducts) followinginjection of a contrast medium

hyster/o: uterus (womb)

salping/o: tube (usually fallopianor eustachian [auditory] tubes)

-graphy: process of recording-gram: record, writing

Front 83

ultrasonography

Back 83

Process by which high-frequency sound waves (ultrasound)produce and display an image from reflected “echoes” on amonitor; also called ultrasound, sonography, and echo.

ultra-: excess, beyond

son/o: sound

-graphy: process of recording

Front 84

ultrasonography pelvic

Back 84

Ultrasound of the pelvic region used to evaluate abnormalities inthe female reproductive system as well as the fetus in the obstetricpatient

Front 85

ultrasonography transvaginal

Back 85

Ultrasound of the pelvic area performed with a probe insertedinto the vagina, which provides sharper images of pathologicaland normal structures within the pelvis

trans-: through, across

vagin: vagina

-al: pertaining to, relating to

Front 86

cerclage

Back 86

Procedure in which a nonabsorbable ligature is applied aroundthe cervix uteri to treat incompetent uterus, thus decreasing thechance of a spontaneous abortion

Front 87

cesarean birth

Back 87

Incision of the abdomen and uterus to remove the fetus; alsocalled C-section

Front 88

colpocleisis

Back 88

Surgical closure of the vaginal canal

colp/o: vagina

-cleisis: closure

Front 89

conization

Back 89

Excision of a cone-shaped piece of tissue, such as mucosa of thecervix, for histological examination

Front 90

cordocentesis

Back 90

Sampling of fetal blood drawn from the umbilical vein andperformed under ultrasound guidance

Front 91

cryosurgery, cryocautery

Back 91

Process of freezing tissue to destroy cells

Front 92

dilatation and curettage(D&C)

Back 92

Widening of the cervical canal with a dilator and scraping of theuterine endometrium with a curette

Front 93

episiorrhaphy

Back 93

Repair of a lacerated vulva or an episiotomy

episi/o: vulva

-rrhaphy: suture

Front 94

episiotomy

Back 94

Incision of the perineum from the vaginal orifice; usually doneto prevent tearing of the tissue and to facilitate childbirth

episi/o: vulva

-tomy: incision

Front 95

hysterectomy

Back 95

Excision of the uterus

hyster: uterus (womb)

-ectomy: excision, remova

Front 96

hysterectomy subtotal

Back 96

Hysterectomy where the cervix, ovaries, and fallopian tubesremain

Front 97

hysterectomy total (complete)

Back 97

Hysterectomy where the cervix is removed but the ovaries andfallopian tubes remain

Front 98

hysterectomy total (complete) plus bilateralsalpingo-oophorectomy

Back 98

Total hysterectomy, including uterus, cervix, fallopian tubes, andovaries

Front 99

intrauterine device (IUD

Back 99

Plastic or metal object placed inside the uterus to preventimplantation of a fertilized egg in the uterine lining

Front 100

lumpectomy

Back 100

Excision of a small primary breast tumor that leaves the remainderof the breast intact

Front 101

mammoplasty, mastoplasty

Back 101

Surgical reconstruction of the breast(s), sometimes augmentedby substances such as fat tissue or silicone to alter size and shape

mamm/o: breast

-plasty: surgical repair

Front 102

mastectomy

Back 102

Excision of the breast

mast: breast

-ectomy: excision, removal

Front 103

radicalmastectomy

Back 103

Removal of the breast and any involved skin, pectoral muscles,axillary lymph nodes, and subcutaneous fat

Front 104

myomectomy

Back 104

Excision of a myomatous tumor, generally uterine

my/o: muscle

-ectomy: excision, removal

Front 105

salpingo-oophorectomy

Back 105

Excision of an ovary and fallopian tube

salping/o: tube (usually fallopianor eustachian [auditory tubes)

oophor: ovary

-ectomy: excision, removal

Front 106

tubal ligation

Back 106

Procedure that ties (ligates) the uterine tubes to prevent pregnancy