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71 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Adrenal Gland- |
Gland located above the kidney that secretes various hormones, including adrenaline. |
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Hormone- |
chemical substance secreted by an endocrine gland that is carried by the blood to a target tissue. |
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Islets of Langerhans- |
clusters of endocrine tissue found throughout the pancreas, made up of different cell types that secrete various hormones, including insulin. |
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Metabolism- |
Sum total of all the chemical processes that take place in a living organism |
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Pancreas- |
long organ that lies transversely across the upper abdomen that has a role in digestion as well as hormone secretion; contains the islets of langerhans, which perform endocrine functions |
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Pituitary gland- |
Pea-sized gland located at the base of the brain; produces hormones that stimulate the function of other endocrine glands |
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Thymus- |
lymphatic organ located behind the sternum; plays an important role in the development of the body's immune system, particularly from infancy to puberty. |
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thyroid gland- |
butterfly-shaped gland located anteriorly in the neck and inferior to the larynx; secretes hormones hat regulate the metabolism of carbohydrates, proteins, and fats needed for growth, development, and basal metabolic rate. |
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Functions of the Endocrine System- |
Regulates body activities, Secretes hormones, Influences growth, development, and metabolism. |
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Internists- |
are physicians of internal medicine who may diagnose some disorders of the endocrine system, such as diabetes and hypothyroidism, and treat diabetes, hypothyroidism, and hyperthyroidism. |
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Endocrinologists- |
are internal medicine physicians with additional training in endocrinology. they diagnose and treat more complicated endocrine diseases and disorders, including uncontrolled diabetes, infertility, pituitary dysfunction, thyroid imbalances, metabolic diseases, and cancers of the endocrine glands. |
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Podiatrists (DPMs)- |
are specialists who diagnose and treat conditions of the lower legs, ankle, and foot and who may specialize in diabetic care, including treating patients with peripheral neuropathy. |
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Certified Diabetes Educators (CDEs)- |
are licensed healthcare professionals, such as nurses, dietitians, pharmacists, podiatrists, and exercise physiologists, who have received special training in teaching diabetes self-management skills. |
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adrenal/o- |
adrenal gland |
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crin/o- |
to secrete |
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dips/o- |
thirst |
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-ism - |
state of |
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glyc/o- |
sugar |
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thym/o- |
thymus gland |
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thyroid/o- |
thyroid gland |
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acr/o- |
extremities |
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aden/o- |
gland |
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path/o- |
disease |
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ur/o- |
urine, urination, urinary tract |
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suffix -e, -y means.... |
no meaning |
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-ectomy means... |
surgical removal, excision |
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-emia means.... |
blood condition |
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-ia means... |
diseased state, condition of |
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-ic means.... |
pertaining to |
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endo- means.... |
within |
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hyper- means... |
above, excessive |
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-itis means... |
inflammation |
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-logist means.... |
one who studies and treats (specialist, physician) |
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-logy means... |
study of |
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-megaly means... |
enlargement |
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-oma means... |
tumor |
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hypo- means.... |
below, deficient, under |
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poly- means.... |
many, much |
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acromegaly means.. |
enlargement of the extremities (and facial features) |
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adenoma means.... |
tumor composed of a gland (glandular tissue) |
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adrenalectomy means... |
excision of the adrenal gland |
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adrenalitis means... |
inflammation of the adrenal gland |
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endocrine means... |
to secrete within |
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endocrinologist means... |
physician who studies and treats disease of the endocrine system |
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endocrinology means .... |
study of the endocrine system |
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endocrinopathy means... |
(any) disease of the endocrine system |
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glycemic means... |
condition of sugar in the blood |
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hyperglycemia means... |
condition of excessive sugar in the blood |
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hyperthyroidism means... |
state of excessive thyroid activity |
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hypoglycemia means... |
condition of deficient sugar in the blood |
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hypothyroidism means.... |
state of deficient thyroid activity |
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polydipsia means... |
condition of much thirst |
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polyuria means... |
condition of much urine |
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thymectomy means.... |
excision of the thymus gland |
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thyme means... |
pertaining to the thymus gland |
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thymoma means... |
tumor of the thymus gland |
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thyroidectomy means... |
excision of the thyroid gland |
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thyroiditis means... |
inflammation of the thyroid gland |
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Addison Disease means... |
chronic syndrome resulting from a deficiency in the hormonal secretion of the adrenal cortex (also called primary adrenal insufficiency) |
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Diabetes mellitus (DM) means... |
chronic disease involving a disorder of carbohydrate metabolism caused by under activity of the islets of langerhans in the pancreas and resulting in insufficient production of insulin; it can also be caused by resistance of the tissues to insulin. |
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Fasting blood sugar (FBS) means... |
blood test to determine the amount of glucose (sugar) in the blood after fasting for 8 to 10 hours. |
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glycated hemoglobin (A1c) means.... |
blood test measuring the amount of glucose (sugar) bound to hemoglobin in the blood; provides an indication of blood sugar level over the past three months, covering the 120-day lifespan of the red blood cell (also called hemoglobin A1c, HbA1c) |
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goiter means... |
enlargement of the thyroid gland |
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Graves disease means... |
disorder of the thyroid gland characterized by the presence of hyperthyroidism, goiter, and exophthalmos (protrusion of the eyes) |
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Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus... |
Cause: beta cells of the pancreas that produce insulin are destroyed and eventually no insulin is produced Characteristics: abrupt onset, occurs primarily in childhood or adolescence; patients often are thin Symptoms: polyuria, polydipsia, weight loss, hyperglycemia, acidosis, and ketosis Treatment: insulin injections and diet |
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Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus...... |
Cause: resistance of body cells to the action of insulin, which may eventually lead to a decrease in insulin Characteristics: slow onset, usually occurs in middle-aged or elderly adults; most patients are obese Symptoms: fatigue, blurred vision, thirst, and hyperglycemia; may have neural or vascular complications Treatment: diet, exercise, oral medication, and perhaps insulin |
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Long Term Complications of Diabetes Mellitus (Macrovascular Complications) are.... |
coronary artery disease -> myocardial infarction cerebrovascular disease -> stroke peripheral artery disease -> leg pain when walking (intermittent vascular claudication) |
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Long Term Complication of Diabetes Mellitus (Microvascular Complications) are... |
diabetic retinopathy-> loss of vision diabetic nephropathy-> chronic kidney disease, renal failure neuropathy-> loss of feeling in extremities, amputation |
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A1c means... |
glycated hemoglobin |
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DM means.... |
diabetes mellitus |
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FBS means... |
fasting blood sugar |
