Chapter 12 Drugs Microbes, Host - The Element Of Chemotherapy

Front 1

Chemotheraputical drug

Back 1

any chemical used in the treatment, relief, or prophylaxis of a diease

Front 2

Prophylaxis

Back 2

use of a drug to prevent imminent infection of a person at risk

Front 3

Antimicrobial chemotherapy

Back 3

the use of chemotheraputical drugs to control infection

Front 4

Antimicrobial

Back 4

an all inclusive term for any antimicrobial drug, regardless of origin

Front 5

Probiotic

Back 5

live microbes used as preventative or therapeutic measure to complete with potential pathogens

Front 6

Antibiotics

Back 6

substances produced by the natural metabolic processes of some microorganisms that can inhibit or destroy microorganisms

Front 7

Synthetic drugs

Back 7

antimicrobial created by the use of chemical reactions in the laboratory

Front 8

Semi synthetic drugs

Back 8

drugs which are chemically modified in the laboratory after being isolated from natural sources

Front 9

narrow spectrum

Back 9

antimicrobial effective against a limited array of microbial types
ex. gram positive

Front 10

Broad Spectrum

Back 10

antimicrobials effective against a wide variety of microbial types
ex works on both gram positive an negative

Front 11

nucleic acid synthesis

Back 11

antimicrobial drug interfere with nucleic acid synthesis by blocking synthesis of nucleotides, inhibiting replication, or stopping transcription

Front 12

Penicillin

Back 12

Penicillin chrysogenum source
inhibits cell wall sythesis
resistant bacteria have penicillinase or betalactamase to destroy stucture of penicillin

Front 13

Cephalosporin

Back 13

isolated from cephalosporium acremonium (mold)
target cell wall

Front 14

Bacitracin

Back 14

narrow spectrum
source bacillus subtilis
target cell wall
found in neosporin

Front 15

vancomycin

Back 15

treats staph. if methicillin and penicillin resistant
target cell wall
very toxic
source amycolatopsis orientalis

Front 16

Aminoglycosides

Back 16

broad spectrum
common use to treat bubonic plague
inhibit protein synthesis
includes streptomycin

Front 17

Tetracycline

Back 17

semisynthetic
broad spectrum low cost
commonly use to treat sexually transmitted diseases
inhibit protein synthesis
inexpensive
side effect- gastrointestinal disruption

Front 18

Erythromycin

Back 18

broad spectrum
common used as prophylactic drug prior to surgery
side effect low toxicity
inhibits protein synthesis

Hint 18

treats mycoplasma pnuemonia, chlamydia, pertussis, diphtheria, syphilis, acne

Front 19

Sulfonamides
(Sulfa Drugs)

Back 19

first modern antimicrobial drug
synthetic drug
based on sulfanilamides
used in combination with other synthetics such as trimethoprim

Front 20

Trimethoprim
(Septa, Bactrim)

Back 20

Synthetic
target folic acid synthesis
used together with Sulfa(synergistic) to treat pneumocystic pneumonia in aids patients

Front 21

Polyenes

Back 21

Anti fungal
some toxicity to humans
commonly used for skin infections
attack membrane sterol ergosteral not found in humans

Front 22

Antiprotozoan- metronidazole
(flagyl)

Back 22

treat giardia, amoeba, trichomonas

Front 23

Antimalarial- Quinine

Back 23

Malaria

Front 24

Antihelminthic - mebendazole

Back 24

works to interfere with human function of microtubules ( stops use of glucose)
tapeworms, roundworms
others work to paralyze muscles

Front 25

Antihelminthic - mebendazole

Back 25

works to interfere with human function of microtubules ( stops use of glucose)
tapeworms, roundworms
others work to paralyze muscles

Front 26

MIC

Back 26

minimum inhibitory concentration