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199 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
abdomin/o, celi/o, lapar/o
abdomen
an/o
anus
appendic/o
appendix
bil/i, chol/e
bile
bucc/o
cheek
cheil/o
lip
col/o, colon/o
colon
cyst/o
bladder or sac
dent/i
teeth
doch/o
duct
duoden/o
duodenum
enter/o
small intestine
esophag/o
esophagus
gastr/o
stomach
gingiv/o
gum
gloss/o, lingu/o
tongue
hepat/o, hepatic/o
liver
herni/o
hernia
ile/o
ileum
inguin/o
groin
jejun/o
jejunum (empty)
lith/o
stone
or/o, stomat/o
mouth
pancreat/o
pancreas
peritone/o
peritoneum
phag/o
eat or swallow
proct/o
anus and rectum
pylor/o
pylorus (gatekeeper)
rect/o
rectum
sial/o
saliva
sigmoid/o
sigmoid colon (resembles)
steat/o
fat
-emesis
vomiting
oral cavity, mouth
cavity that receives food for digestion
salivary glands
three pairs of exocrine glands in the mouth that secrete saliva: the parotid, submandibular (submacillary), and sublingual glands
cheeks
lateral walls of the mouth
lips
fleshy structures surrounding the mouth
palate
structure that forms the roof of the mouth, divided into the hard and soft palate
uvula
small projection hanging from the back middle edge of the soft palate
tongue
muscular structure of the floor of the mouth covered by mucouse membrane known as the frenulum
gums
tissue covering the processes of the jaws
teeth
hard bony projections in the jaws for mastication
esophagus
muscular tube that moves food deom the pharynx to the stomach
pharynx
throat, passageway for food traveling to the esophagus and air traveling to the larynx
stomach
saclike organ that chemically mixed and prepares food received from the esophagus
cardiac sphincter
opening from the esophagus to the stomach
pyloric sphincter
opening from the stomach into the duodenum
small intestine
tubular structure that digests food received from the stomach
duodenum
first portion of the small intestine
jejunum
second portion of the small intestine
ileum
third portion of the small intestine
large intestines
larger tubular structure that receives the liquid waste products of digestion, reabsorbs water and minerals, and forms and stores feces for defecation
cecum
first part of the large intestine
vermiform appendix
wormlike projection of lymphatic tissue hanging off the cecum with no digestive function; may help resist infection
colon
portions of the large intestine extending from the cecum to the rectum, identified by direction and shape
ascending colon
portion of the colon that extends upward from the cecum
transverse colon
portion of the colon that extends across from the ascending colon
descending colon
portion of the colon that extends down from the transverse colon
sigmoid colon
portion of the colon (resembling and S) that terminates at the rectum
rectum
distal (end) portion of the large intestine
rectal ampulla
dilated portion of the rectum just above the anal canal
anus
opening of the rectum to the outside of the body
feces
waste formed by absorption of water in the large intestine; usually solid
defecation
evacuation of feces from the rectum
peritoneum
membrane surrounding the entire abdominal cavity, consisting of the parietal layer and visceral layer
peritoneal cavity
space between the parietal and visceral peritoneum
omentum
an extension of the peritoneum attached to the stomach and connecting it with other abdominal organs
liver
organ in the upper right quadrant that produces bile, which is secreted into the duodenum during digestion
gallbladder
receptacle that stores and concentrates the bile produced in the liver
pancreas
gland that secretes pancreatic juice into the duodenum, where it mixes with bile to digest food
biliary ducts
ducts that convey bile; include the hepatic, cystic and common bile ducts
hyponchondirac regions
upper lateral regions beneath the ribs
epigastric region
upper middle region below the sternum
lumbar region
middle lateral regions
umbilical region
region of the navel
inguinal regions
lower lateral groin regions
hypogastric region
region below the navel
anorexia
loss of appetite
aphagia
inability to swallow
ascites
an accumulation of fluid in the peritoneal cavity
buccal
in the cheek
diarrhea
frequent loose or liquid stools
constipation
infrequent or incomplete bowel movements characterized by hardened, dry stool that is difficult to pass
dyspepsia
indigestion
dysphagia
difficulty in swallowing
eructation
belch
flatulence
gas in the stomach or intestines
halitosis
bad breath
hematochezia
red blood in stool
hematemesis
vomiting blood
hepatomegaly
enlargement of the liver
hyperbilirubinemia
excessive level of bilirubin in the blood
icterus, jaundice
yellow discoloration of the skin, sclera, and other tissues caused by excessive bilirubin in the blood
melena
dark colored, tarry stool caused by old blood
nausea
feeling of sick in the stomach
steatorrhea
feces containing fat
sublingual, hypoglossal
under the tongue
stomatitis
inflammation of the mouth
sialoadenitis
inflammation of the salivary gland
parotiditis, parotitis
inflammation of the parotid gland, also called mumps
cheilitis
inflammation of the lip
glossitis
inflammation of the tongue
ankyloglossia
a defect of the tongue characterized by a short, thick frenulum
gingivitis
inflammation of the gums
esophageal varices
swollen twisted veins in the esophagus that are especially susceptible to ulceration and hemorrhage
esophagitis
inflammation of the esophagus
gastritis
inflammation of the stomach
gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)
a backflow of contents of the stomach into the esophagus, often resulting from abnormal function of the lower esophageal sphincter, causing burning pain in the esophagus
pyloric stenosis
a narrowed condition of the pylorus
peptic ulcer disease (PUD)
a sore on the mucous membrane of the stomach, duodenum, or any other part of the gastrointestinal system exposed to gastric juices; commonly caused by infection with helicobacter pylori bacteria
gastric ulcer
ulcer located in the stomach
duodenal ulcer
ulcer located in the duodenum
gastroenteritis
inflammation of stomach and small intestine
enteritis
inflammation of the small intestine
ileitis
inflammation of the lower portion of the small intestine
colitis
inflammation of the lower portion of the small intestine of the colon
ulcerative colitis
chronic inflammation of the colon along with ulcerations
diverticulum
an abnormal side pocket in the gastrointestinal tract usually related to lack of dietary fiber
diverticulosis
presence of diverticula in the gastrointestinal tract, especially the bowel
diverculitis
inflammation of the diverticula
dysentery
inflammation of the intestine characterized by frequent, bloody stools, most often caused by bacteria or protozoa
appendicitis
inflammation of the appendix
hernia
protrusion of part from its normal location
hiatal hernia
protrusion of part of the stomach upward through the opening in the diaphragm
inguinal hernia
protrusion of a loop of the intestine through layers of the abdominal wall in the inguinal region
incarcerated hernia
hernia that is swollen and fixed within a sac, causing an obstruction
strangulated hernia
hernia that is constricted, cut off from circulation, and likely to become gangrenous
umbilical hernia
protrusion of the intestine through a weakness in the abdominal wall around the umbilicus
intussusception
prolapse of one part of the intestine into the lumen of the adjoining part
volvulus
twisting of the bowel on itself, causing obstruction
polyposis
multiple polyps in the intestine and rectum with a high potential for becoming malignant
polyp
tumor on a stalk
proctitis
inflammation of the rectum and anus
anal fistula
an abnormal tube-like passageway from the anus that may connect with the rectum
hemorrhoid
swollen, twisted vein in the anal region
peritonitis
inflammation of the peritoneum
hepatitis
inflammation of the liver
hepatitis A
infectious inflammation of the liver caused by the hepatitis A virus, usually transmitted orally through fecal contamination of food or water
hepatitis B
inflammation of the liver caused by the hepatitis B virus, which is transmitted sexually or by exposure to contaminated blood or body fluids
hepatitis C
inflammation of the liver caused by the hepatitis C virus, transmitted by exposure to infected blood
cirrhosis
chronic disease characterized by degeneration of the liver tissue most often caused by alcoholism or a nutritional deficiency
cholangitis
inflammation of the bile ducts
cholecystitis
inflammation of the gallbladder
cholelithiasis
presence of stones in the gallbladder or bile ducts
choledocholithisais
presence of stones in the common bile duct
pancreatitis
inflammation of the pancreas
biopsy (Bx)
removal and microscopic study of tissue
incisional Bx
removal of a portion of lesion for pathologic
excisional Bx
removal of an entire lesion for pathologic examination
esophagoscopy
examination of the esophagus with an esophagoscope
gastroscopy
examination of the stomach with a gastroscope
upper gastrointestinal endoscopy
examination of the linning of the esophagus, stomach, and duodenum with a flexible endoscope; also called esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) or panendoscopy
endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP)
endoscopic procedure including x-ray fluoroscopy to examine the ducts of the liver, gallbladder, pancreas
laparoscopy
examination of the abdominal cavity with a laparoscope, often including interventional surgical procedures
peritoneoscopy
examination of the peritoneal cavity with a peritoneoscope, often performed to examine the liver and obtain a biopsy specimen
colonoscopy
examination of the colon using a flexible colonscope
sigmoidoscopy
examination of the sigmoid colon with a rigid or flexible sigmoidoscope
proctoscopy
examination of the rectum and anus with a proctoscope
upper GI series
x-ray of the esophagus, stomach, and duodenum after the patient has swallowed a contrast medium
barium swallow
x-ray of the esophagus only, often used to locate swallowed objects
fluoroscopy
x-ray using a flourecent screen to visualize strcutres in motion
small bowel series
x-ray examination of the small intestine, generally done in conjunction with an upper GI series
lower GI series barium enema
x-ray of the colon after administration of an enema containing a contrast medium
cholangiogram
x-ray of the bile ducts, often performed during surgery
cholecystogram
x-ray of the gallbladder taken after oral ingestion of iodine
stool culture and sensitivity (C & S)
isolation of a stool specimen in a culture medium to identify disease causing organisms
stool occult blood study
a chemical test of stool specimen to detect the presence of blood; positive findings indicate bleeding in the GI tract
cheiloplasty
repair of the lip
glossectomy
excision of the tongue
glossorrhaphy
suture of the tongue
esophagoplasty
repair of the esophagus
gastrectomy
partial or complete removal of the stomach
gastric resection
partial removal and repair of the stomach
gastroenterostomy
formation of an artificial opeing between the stomach and small intestine; often performed at the time of a gastrectomy to route food from the remainder of the stomach to the intestine
abdominocentesis
puncture of the abdomen for aspiration of fluid
laparotomy
incision into the abdomen
laparoscopic surgery
abdominal surgery using a laparoscope
herniorrhaphy, hernioplasty
repair of a hernia
colostomy
creation of an opening on the colon through the abdominal wall to create an abdominal anus allowing stool to bypass a diseased portion of the colon, performed to treat ulcerative colitis, cancer, or obstructions
anastomosis
union of two hollow vessels, a technique of bowel surgery
ileostomy
surgical creation of an opening on the abdomen to which the end of the ileum is attached, providing a passageway for ileal discharges, performed after removal of the colon such as to treat chronic inflammatory bowel disease such as ulcerative colitis
appendectomy
excision of a diseased appendix
incidental appendectomy
removl of the appendix during abdominal surgery for another procedure
polypectomy
excision of polyps
proctoplasty
repair of the anus and rectum
anal fistulectomy
excision of an anal fistula
hemorrhoidectomy
excision of hemorrhoids
hepatic lobectomy
excision of a lobe of the liver
cholecystectomy
excision of the gallbladder
laparoscopic cholecytectomy
excision of the gallbladder through a laparoscope
cholelithotomy
an incision for removal of gallstones
choledocholithotomy
an incision of the common bile duct for extraction of gallstones
pancreatectomy
excision of the pancreas
gastric lavage
oral insertion of a tube into the stomach for examination and treatment, such as to remove blood clots ffrom the stomach or monitor bleeding
nasogastric (NG) intubation
insertion of a tube through the nose into the stomach for various purposes, such as to obtain a gastric fluid specimen for analysis
antacid
drug that neutralizes stomach acid
antiemetic
drug that prevents or stops vomiting
antispasmodic
drug that decreases motility in gastrointestinal tract to arrest spasm or diarrhea
cathartic
drug that causes movement of the bowels; also called a laxative