Chapter 12, 13, And 14

Front 1

DSM

Back 1

Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders- it is the manual of mental disorders. used to classify disorders

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somataform disorders

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takes bodily work w/out physical cause "in your mind"

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conversion-anxiety

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causing physical pain *somatoform

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hypochondriac

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physical symptoms percieved as deadly disease *somatoform

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dissociative disorders

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consciousness splits from memory caused by trauma

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dissociative amnesia

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loss of memory for significant personal facts usually related to a traumatic event *dissociative

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DID

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2 or more identities *dissociative

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mood disorders

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bipolar, depression

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depression

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5 signs of depression that last for 2 WEEKS

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3 D's

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deviant, distressful, dysfunctional

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deviant

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atypical

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distressful

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disturbing

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dysfunctional

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unjustifiable, maladaptive

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diathesis stress model

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people biologically or genetically predisposed to a disorder can develop it when stressed

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medical model

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approach used to find medical treatments for symptoms

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biological approach

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evolution, genes, brains, structures

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psychological approach

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stress, trauma, learned helplessness

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socio-cultural approach

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roles, expectations

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rosenhan study

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people went to the hospital claiming to have heard voices. other than that they were truthful. all of them were misdiagnosed with disorders when in reality they were for the most part healthy.

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confidentiality

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set of rules or a promise that limits access or places restrictions on certain types of information

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insanity defense

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in criminal trials, the defendant is not responsible for his/her actions during a mental health episode

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what is the intersection between psychology and the legal system called?

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forensic psychology

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psychoanalytic therapy

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looks at the thoughts and behaviors of the unconscious mind

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treatment approaches to psychoanalytic therapy

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free association, dream analysis

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free association

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encourage patients to verbalize any thoughts/feelings that come into their conscious

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resistence

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happens with free association, occurs when patients unconsciously try to censor their feelings/thoughts

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transference

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happens with free association, occurs when patients treat the therapist like someone from their past

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dream analysis

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asks patients to describe their dreams in detail, then interprets their dreams

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humanistic therapy

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person-centered

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approaches of humanistic therapy

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client centered, gestalt

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client centered

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created by ROGERS, insight on themselves.

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gestalt

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created by Fritz Beris, identify inconsistent theories, people create their own understandings of the world

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cognitive therapy

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helps depression patients and lets people speak their minds freely

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group therapy

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group of clients experiencing similiar problems meet with one therapist who then helps them work through their problems together. advantages are that they then know they are not alone.

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family therapy

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considers the family as a whole and disccuses problems all together

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aaron beck

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developed cognitive therapy

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albert ellis

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developed REBT therapy

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sigmund freud

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developed psychoanalysis "unconscious"

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mary cover jones

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developed behavior therapyc

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carl rogers

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developed humanistic approach

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b.f skinner

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developed behaviorism

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joseph wolpe

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had post traumatic stress disorder so he did research on his own disease

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attribution theory

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fritz heider, we explain someones behavior by creating either the situation or the persons disposition. this is used to explain other motives such as the fundamental attribution errors or the self-serving bias

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fundamental attribution error

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tendency when analyzing anothers behaviors, to underestimate the impact of the situation and over estimate their personal disposition

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self-serving bias

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readiness to percieve oneself favorably

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dispositions about others should be made...

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CAREFULLY

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deindividuation

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the loss of self-awareness and self-restraint occuring in group situations that foster arousal and anonymity.

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group polarization

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the enhancement of a groups prevailing inclinations through discussion with/group. interacting with others has good and had affects.

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social loafing

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tendency for people in a group to put fourth less effort when in the group

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social facilitation

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tendency for people to do better on simple tasks when in the presence of other people

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group think

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mode of thinking that occurs when the desire for harmony in a decision-making group overrides a realistic appraisal of alternatives

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conformity

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adjusting ones behavior of thinking to coincide with a group standard. BEHAVIOR IS CONTAGIOUS

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chameleon effect

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natural tendency to mimic others

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obedience

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following a given command

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central route

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focuses on arguments and respond w/favorable thoughts

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periphreal route

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influenced by incidental cues, such as memories/someones attractiveness

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mere exposure effect

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the more you are exposed to something, the more you grow to like it often without even paying attention

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bystander effect

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tendency for a bystander to be less likely to help when others are present

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actor-observer bias

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tendency to attritbute others behavior to internal causes while attributing ones own behavior to external causes

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social exchange theory

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will help people if the rewards outway the cost

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ingroup

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"us" people with whom we share a common identity

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outgroup

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"them" those percieved as different or apart from our ingroup

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ingroup bias

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natural tendency to favor your ingroup

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ethnocentrisim

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belief your own group is superior ex: whites in america

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prejudice

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an unjustifiable attitude toward a group and it's members. generally involves stereotypes, negative feelings, and predispositions

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scapegoat theory

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blaming more acceptable object/person

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self-concept

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sum of total beliefs

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self esteem

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positive negative evaluations

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social comparison

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compare selves to others to figure ourselves out

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altruism

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highest level of helping, no personal gain

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3 factors of attractions

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physical, proximity, and similiarity

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cognitive dissonance

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feelings or discomfort caused by a discrepency between an attitude and a behavior or between to competing attitudes

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solomon asch

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created pieces of work in formation, and conformity

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leon festinger

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created cognitive dissonance and the social competiton theory

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stanley milgram

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shcok experiment shows when people are asked they comply

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philip zimbardo

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did the prison study *deindividuation*

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self perception theory

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says we look to our own behavior to determine what our attitudes are

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door-in-the-face

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request and they say no, then request smaller option so they'll say yes

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foot-in-the-door

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small request, get them to agree, then add other small requests on also

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norm of reciprocity

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a give and take where after doing a favor for someone, you expect that favor to be returned to keep things balanced

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that's-not-all

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infomercials, keep offering extra add ons

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social norm

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what is typical or common in order to conform, one most recognize the norm

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normative social influence

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to fit in (social norms-price to not fit in is too high)

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informational social influence

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groups provide valuable info, we assume others are right and we want to be correct as well

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complience

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going along with a request

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proximity

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closer, less likely, father, most likely

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culture

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behaviors, ideas, attitudes, values, and traditions shared by a group of people and transmitted from one generation to the next

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relative deprivation

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compared to others you feel you're worse offj

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just world phenomenom

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you think the worlds a fair place and people get what they deserve in life

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superordinate goals

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large goals that encourage you to work together for a common purpose, this is what actually decreases prejudice

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aggression types

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biological, genetic, neural, brain chemistry

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kitty genovese study

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stabbed multiple times, people saw, no one helped.

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3 steps in order to help

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1- notice 2- interpret as emergency 3- assume responsibility

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norm of reciprocity

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try to keep it equal

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social responsibility norm

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there are certain groups that we have a responsibility to help, ex: children, elderly

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attachment styles

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secure, avoidant, anxious

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types of love

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compassionate, and passionate