Chapter 11- The Schgool Years: Biosocial Development

Front 1

Middle Childhood

Back 1

-period after early childhood and before adolescence,
-healthiest period of entire life span
- approx age 7-11

Front 2

size and growth during this time

Back 2

- growth slows down
- muscles become stronger
- can master almost any motor skill that doesnt require adult size
- healthy 6 yr olds have lowest BMI of any age group

Front 3

overweight

Back 3

BMI above 85th percentile of growth charts

Front 4

Obesity

Back 4

BMI above 95th percentile

Front 5

Problems w/overweight children

Back 5

- exercise less
- higher blood pressure
- risk health problems in adulthood
- self esteem decreases
- weight excessively increases

Front 6

Reasons for being overweight

Back 6

- genes (regulate activity level, food pref.)
- ppl who inherit a gene called FTO are more likely to be obsese than other children

Front 7

How to get Physical Activity

Back 7

Neighborhood games-
Exercise in school
athletic clubs and leagues

Front 8

Neighborhood Games Pros/Cons

Back 8

- PRO- flexible, active and interactive,
- CON- urbanization no where to play, - hw, tv, and video games stop from going out side
- fear of abductionj

Front 9

Exercise in School Pros/Cons

Back 9

PROS- have appropriate cooperative games that include exercise
CONS- children may love sports but hate PE, limited time and space

Front 10

Athletic Clubs and Leagues Pros/Cons

Back 10

Pros- helps child feel like they belong
Cons- not possible for everyone to be a part (not enough money, chronic illness, uncoordinated)

Front 11

Percent of Children with special health needs

Back 11

approx. 13 percent

Front 12

Asthma

Back 12

chronic inflammatory disorder of the airways that makes breathing difficult
(rate highest among school-age children)

Front 13

Percent of children under 18 affected by asthma

Back 13

9 percent(twice as high as in 1980s)

Front 14

Reasons why ppl get asthma

Back 14

- genes increases risk, environment crucial
- hygiene hypothesis- contemporary children so overprotected from viruses and bacteria that they dont get infections that would strengthen immune systems

Front 15

Primary Prevention of Asthmaq

Back 15

- better ventilation of schools and homes
- decreased pollution
- eradification of cockroaches and consruction

Front 16

Secondary prevention

Back 16

( reduces occurrence of asthma among high risk children)
- when it runs in family
- breast feeding, ridding house of dust and other allergens
- regular health checkups

Front 17

Tertiary Prevention

Back 17

{*reducing damage caused once it develops)
- prompt use of injections and inhalers

Front 18

Reasons why Tertiary prevention is not provided

Back 18

- economic-
- mistrust of doctors by parents of young children
- language and cultural barriers

Front 19

Advances in Brain Functioning

Back 19

- reaction time
- able to plan for future(analyze consequences)
-

Front 20

selective attention

Back 20

ability to concentrate on some sort of stimuli while ignoring others
- requires ongoing myelination and increased production of neurotransmitters

Front 21

Automatization

Back 21

repetition of a sequences of thoughts and actions until it becomes automatic
- increased myelination and hours of practice (ex. reading)

Front 22

Aptitude

Back 22

potential to master a particular skill/learn particular body of knowledge
IQ- measures intellectual aptitude

Front 23

Achievement tests

Back 23

taken routinely by students-- measures what person HAS learned

aptitude and achievement highly correlated also with
- wealth

Front 24

Flynn Effect= Reasons

Back 24

rises in AV IQ scores over decades in many nations
- due to environmental changes

Front 25

WISC

Back 25

Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children

Front 26

Mental Retardation

Back 26

IQ below 70, must be unusually far behind their peers in adaptation to life

Front 27

Criticisms of IQ tests

Back 27

- cant measure potential w/out achievemen
- every test score reflects cutlure of ppl who wrote, administer, and take it
- Humans have multiple intelligences
- emotional intelligence

Front 28

developmental psycopathology

Back 28

links study of typical development to that of various disorders, and vice versa

Front 29

4 Lessons of developmental psycopathology

Back 29

1. Abnormality is normal
2. Disability changes year by year
3. adulthood may be better or worse
4. diagonosis depends on social context

Front 30

ADHD

Back 30

- Attention Deficit/ Hyperactivity Disorder
problems-
1. inattentive
2. impulsive
3. overactive

Front 31

Learning Disability

Back 31

- leads to difficulty mastering a particular skill that most other people acquire easily
ex. dyslexia

Front 32

autistic spectrum disorder

Back 32

- any of several disorders characterized by inadequate social skills, impaired communication and abnormal play

Front 33

3 signs of autistic spectrum disorder

Back 33

1. delayed language
2. impaired social responses
3. unusual play

Front 34

Reasons for an increases in autism

Back 34

- expanded definition of condition
- some new teratogen harming infant brains
-