Chapter 11 - Quick And Easy Medical Terminology

Front 1

gonads

Back 1

testes and ovaries

Front 2

ovum

Back 2

singular for ova

Front 3

genitalia

Back 3

genitals

Front 4

gynecology

Back 4

study of diseases of the female reproductive organs

Front 5

gynecologist

Back 5

specialist in gynecology

Front 6

cervic/o

Back 6

cervix

Front 7

colp/o, vagin/o

Back 7

vagina

Front 8

gynec/o

Back 8

female

Front 9

hyster/o, uter/o

Back 9

uterus

Front 10

metr/o (occasionally metr/i)

Back 10

uterine tissue

Front 11

oophor/o, ovar/o

Back 11

ovary

Front 12

salping/o

Back 12

uterine tube (fallopian tube)

Front 13

vulv/o

Back 13

vulva (external genitalia)

Front 14

-cidal

Back 14

killing

Front 15

cyst/o, vesic/o

Back 15

bladder, cyst, or sac

Front 16

genit/o

Back 16

genitals

Front 17

gonad/o

Back 17

genitals or reproduction

Front 18

men/o

Back 18

month

Front 19

-plasia

Back 19

development or formation

Front 20

rect/o

Back 20

rectum

Front 21

urethr/o

Back 21

urethra

Front 22

urin/o

Back 22

urine

Front 23

vulva

Back 23

external genitalia

Front 24

mons pubis

Back 24

pad of fatty tissue and thick skin that overlies the front of the pubic bone

Front 25

labia majora

Back 25

- labium majus, singular

- the larger pair of skin folds protecting the vaginal opening

Front 26

labia minora

Back 26

- labium minus, singular

- the smaller pair of skin folds protecting the vaginal opening

Front 27

clitoris

Back 27

small mass of erectile tissue and nerves that has similarities to the male penis

Front 28

fallopian tubes

Back 28

- uterine tubes

- oviducts

- transport the ova to the uterus

Front 29

vagina

Back 29

- birth canal

- receives the sperm during intercourse, ew

Front 30

uterus

Back 30

provides nourishment from the time the fertilized egg is implanted until birth

Front 31

fetus

Back 31

latter stages of developing offspring

Front 32

in utero

Back 32

within the uterus

Front 33

uterine

Back 33

pertaining to the uterus

Front 34

cervix uteri

Back 34

- commonly called the cervix

- lowermost cylindric part of the uterus

Front 35

cervical

Back 35

pertains either to the neck itself or to the cervix, which is the neck of the uterus

Front 36

endometrium

Back 36

tissue that forms the lining of the uterus

Front 37

myometrium

Back 37

thick muscular tissue of the uterus

Front 38

perimetrium

Back 38

membrane that surrounds the uterus

Front 39

ovaries

Back 39

located on each side of the uterus

Front 40

ovulation

Back 40

the release of ova in the ovaries

- ovaries also function in the production of estrogen and progesterone which are important for development and maintenance of secondary sexual characteristics

Front 41

menstruation

Back 41

discharge of a bloody fluid from the uterus at fairly regular intervals, approximately once each month, from puberty to menopause

Front 42

climacteric, menopause

Back 42

marks the end of a woman's reproductive period

Front 43

menses

Back 43

another word for menstruation

- sloughing off of the endometrium that has been prepared to receive a fertilized ovum but is not needed

Front 44

extrauterine

Back 44

occurring or located outside the uterus

Front 45

intrauterine

Back 45

pertaining to inside of the uterus

Front 46

ovarian

Back 46

pertaining to the ovary

Front 47

vaginal

Back 47

pertaining to the vagina

Front 48

vulval, vulvar

Back 48

pertaining to the vulva

Front 49

vaginal speculum

Back 49

instrument that can be pushed apart after it is inserted into the vagina to allow examination of the cervix and the walls of the vagina

Front 50

cytology

Back 50

study of cells

Front 51

Pap smear

Back 51

material is collected from areas of the body that shed cells

Front 52

dysplasia

Back 52

a change in shape, growth, and number of cells

Front 53

colposcopy

Back 53

examination of the vagina and cervix using a low-power microscope to magnify the mucosa

Front 54

colposcope

Back 54

instrument used in colposcopy

Front 55

laparoscopy

Back 55

examination of the abdominal cavity through one or more small incisions in the abdominal wall

Front 56

hysteroscopy

Back 56

direct visual inspection of the cervical canal and uterine cavity using an endoscope passed through the vagina

Front 57

hysteroscope

Back 57

endoscope used in hysteroscopy

Front 58

hysterosalpingogram

Back 58

x-ray image of the uterus and uterine tubes using a radiopaque substance introduced through the cervix

Front 59

hysterosalpingography

Back 59

procedure in which a hysterosalpingogram is produced

Front 60

contraception

Back 60

against conception

Front 61

amenorrhea

Back 61

absence of menstrual flow when it is normally expected

Front 62

dysmenorrhea

Back 62

painful menstruation

Front 63

menorrhagia

Back 63

excessive flow during menstruation

Front 64

metrorrhagia

Back 64

bleeding from the uterus at any time other than during the menstrual period

Front 65

cervical polyp

Back 65

fibrous or mucous stalked tumor of the cervical mucosa

Front 66

cervicocolpitis

Back 66

inflammation of the cervix and vagina

Front 67

colpitis, vaginitis

Back 67

inflammation of the vagina

Front 68

cystocele

Back 68

herniation or protrusion of the urinary bladder through the wall of the vagina

Front 69

endometriosis

Back 69

condition in which tissue that somewhat resembles the endometrium is found abnormally in various locations in the pelvic cavity

Front 70

endometritis

Back 70

inflammation of the endometrium

Front 71

fistula

Back 71

abnormal, tubelike passage between two internal organs or between an internal organ and the body surface

Front 72

rectovaginal fistula

Back 72

abnormal opening between the rectum and vagina

Front 73

vesicovaginal fistula

Back 73

abnormal opening between the bladder and the vagina

Front 74

hysteroptosis

Back 74

prolapse of the uterus

Front 75

myoma

Back 75

common benign fibroid tumor of the uterine muscle

Front 76

oophoritis

Back 76

inflamed condition of an ovary

Front 77

oophorosalpingitis

Back 77

an inflamed condition of an ovary

Front 78

oophorosalpingitis

Back 78

inflammation of an ovary and its uterine tube

Front 79

ovarian carcinoma

Back 79

cancer of an ovary, a malignancy that is rarely detected in the early stage and usually far advanced when diagnosed

Front 80

ovarian cyst

Back 80

sac filled with fluid or semisolid material that develops in or on on the ovary and is usually benign

Front 81

pelvic inflammatory disease (PID)

Back 81

infection of the upper genital organs beyond the cervix, often involving the peritoneum and intestines

Front 82

premenstrual syndrome (PMS)

Back 82

syndrome of nervous tension, irritability, weight gain, edema, headache, etc. occurring a few days before the onset of menstruation

Front 83

salpingitis

Back 83

inflammation of a uterine tube

Front 84

salpingocele

Back 84

hernial protrusion of a uterine tube

Front 85

uterine cancer

Back 85

any malignancy of the uterus, including the cervix or endometrium

Front 86

uterine fibroid, leiomyoma

Back 86

the most common benign tumor occurring within the uterus, and may cause general enlargement of the lower abdomen

Front 87

vulvitis

Back 87

inflammation of the vulva

Front 88

in vitro fertilization (IVF)

Back 88

method of fertilizing the ova outside the body by collecting mature ova and placing them in a dish with spermatozoa before placing them in the uterus for implantation

Front 89

sterilization

Back 89

tubal ligation in females, vasectomy in male

Front 90

coitus

Back 90

sexual union of opposite genders in which the penis is introduced into the vagina

Front 91

spermicides

Back 91

placed in the vagina to kill sperm

Front 92

colpoplasty

Back 92

plastic surgery of vagina

Front 93

colporrhappy

Back 93

suture of the vagina

Front 94

conization of the cervix

Back 94

excision of a cone of tissue from the cervix performed to remove a lesion from the cervix or to obtain tissue for biopsy

Front 95

dilation and curettage

Back 95

surgical procedure that expands the cervical opening so that the uterine wall can be scraped (curettage)

Front 96

endometrial ablation

Back 96

destruction of a thin layer of the uterus to stop heavy menstrual bleeding

Front 97

hysterectomy

Back 97

surgical removal of the uterus

Front 98

laparohysterectomy

Back 98

removal of the uterus through the abdominal wall, abdominal hysterectomy

Front 99

radical hysterectomy

Back 99

the uterus, cervix, ovaries, uterine tubes, and lymph nodes and lymph channels are removed

Front 100

oophorectomy

Back 100

surgical removal of one or both ovaries

Front 101

salpingectomy

Back 101

surgical removal of a uterine tube

Front 102

salpingo-oophorectomy

Back 102

removal of an ovary and its accompany uterine tube

Front 103

salpingorrhapy

Back 103

suture of a uterine tube

Front 104

tubal ligation

Back 104

sterilization by surgically binding or crushing the uterine tubes

Front 105

vulvectomy

Back 105

excision of the vulva, characteristically used to treat vulvar cancer

Front 106

fertilization

Back 106

union of an ovum and a sperm resulting in an embryo

Front 107

implantation

Back 107

embedding of the fertilized ovum (zygote)

Front 108

placenta

Back 108

structure through which the fetus derives nourishment during pregnancy

Front 109

amnion and chorion

Back 109

extraembryonic membranes forming around the embryo and give rise to the placenta

Front 110

fetal

Back 110

refers to the fetus

Front 111

human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG)

Back 111

produced and can be detected in body fluids

Front 112

amni/o

Back 112

amnion (fetal membrane)

Front 113

fet/o

Back 113

fetus

Front 114

nat/i

Back 114

birth

Front 115

par/o

Back 115

to bear offspring

Front 116

-para

Back 116

a woman has given birth

Front 117

ultrasonography, ultrasound

Back 117

provides an image of the developing fetus

Front 118

ectopic pregnancy

Back 118

abnormal implantation of an embryo outside the uterus

Front 119

prenatal

Back 119

before birth

Front 120

postnatal

Back 120

after birth

Front 121

neonate

Back 121

newborn infant up to 6 weeks of age

Front 122

neonatal

Back 122

period of time when newborn infant is between birth and 6 weeks of age

Front 123

obstetrics

Back 123

branch of medicine that specializes in the care of women during pregnancy and childbirth

Front 124

obstetrictian

Back 124

specialist in obstetrics

Front 125

gestation

Back 125

another word meaning pregnancy, period from conception to birth

Front 126

parturition

Back 126

childbirth

Front 127

antepartum

Back 127

before childbirth

Front 128

postpartum

Back 128

after childbirth

Front 129

unipara, secundipara, tripara

Back 129

number of pregnancies resulting in live births

Front 130

nullipara

Back 130

refers to a woman who has never had a viable live birth

Front 131

gravida, primigravida

Back 131

woman who is pregnant for the first time

Front 132

cesarean section

Back 132

surgical removal of the fetus from the uterus

Front 133

cephalic presentation

Back 133

normal and the most common fetal presentation

Front 134

breech presentation

Back 134

the buttocks, knees or feet are presented

Front 135

shoulder presentation

Back 135

the long axis of the baby's body is across the long axis of the mother's body

Front 136

trimester

Back 136

3 months

Front 137

abruptio placentae

Back 137

separation of the placenta from the uterine wall after 20 or more weeks of gestation or during labor

Front 138

amnion

Back 138

the innermost of the membranes that surround the developing fetus

Front 139

amniotic sac

Back 139

holds the fetus suspended in amniotic fluid

Front 140

amniocentesis transabdominal

Back 140

puncture of the amniotic sac to remove amniotic fluid

Front 141

amniotomy

Back 141

surgical rupture of the fetal membranes performed to induce or expedite labor

Front 142

chorionic villus sampling

Back 142

sampling of the placental tissue for prenatal diagnosis of potential genetic defects

Front 143

down syndrome

Back 143

congenital condition characterized by mild to severe mental retardation and caused by an abnormality, usually the presence of three of chromosome 21

Front 144

episiotomy

Back 144

surgical procedure in which an incision is made

Front 145

erythroblastosis fetalis

Back 145

anemia of newborns characterized by premature destruction of red blood cells and resulting from maternal fetal blood group incompatibility

- also called hemolytic disease of the newborn

Front 146

fetal monitoring

Back 146

assessment of the fetus in utero, usually with respect t its heartbeat

Front 147

placenta previa

Back 147

abnormal implantation of the placenta in the uterus so that it impinges on or covers the opening at the upper end of the uterine cervix

Front 148

lobules

Back 148

smaller sections of the nipple

Front 149

areola

Back 149

circular pigmented area of skin surrounding nipple

Front 150

mammary glands

Back 150

female breasts, milk-producing gland

Front 151

lactiferous duct

Back 151

drains each lobe in the breast to openings in the nipple

Front 152

lactation

Back 152

secretion of milk

Front 153

mammography

Back 153

diagnostic procedure that uses radiography to study the breast

Front 154

mammogram

Back 154

radiographic image produced in mammography

Front 155

lumpectomy

Back 155

removal of the lump or tumor

Front 156

mastectomy

Back 156

removal of breast

Front 157

mastalgia, mastodynia, mammalgia

Back 157

pain in the breast

Front 158

mastitis

Back 158

inflammation of the breast

Front 159

mastoptosis

Back 159

sagging breasts

Front 160

mastopexy

Back 160

surgical procedure to lift breasts

Front 161

augmentation mammoplasty

Back 161

plastic surgery to increase the size of the female breast

Front 162

testes

Back 162

plural form of testis

- same as testicle

Front 163

penis

Back 163

transfers sperm to the vagina

Front 164

prepuce

Back 164

a loose fold of skin

- covers the glans penis

Front 165

glans penis

Back 165

tip of the penis

Front 166

testis

Back 166

produces sperm

Front 167

epididymis

Back 167

where the sperm is stored

Front 168

scrotum

Back 168

pouch of skin that contains the testes and epididymis

Front 169

ductus deferens, vas deferens

Back 169

begins at the epididymis, continues upward, enters the abdominopelvic cavity and joins a duct from the seminal vesicle to form a short ejaculatory duct

Front 170

bulbourethral glands

Back 170

contribute an alkaline, mucus-like fluid to the semen

Front 171

gon/o

Back 171

genitals or reproduction

Front 172

orchi/o, orchid/o, test/o, testicul/o

Back 172

testes

Front 173

pen/o

Back 173

penis

Front 174

prostat/o

Back 174

prostate

Front 175

scrot/o

Back 175

scrotum

Front 176

semin/o

Back 176

semen

Front 177

ser/o

Back 177

serum

Front 178

spermat/o

Back 178

spermatozoa

Front 179

urethr/o

Back 179

urethra

Front 180

vas/o

Back 180

vessel or duct; sometimes ductus deferens

Front 181

testosterone

Back 181

produced in the testes

- induces and maintains male secondary sex characteristics

Front 182

spermatogenesis

Back 182

formation of sperm

Front 183

semen

Back 183

- seminal fluid

- mixture of sperm cells and secretions

Front 184

seminal vesicles

Back 184

serve as a reservoir for semen until it is discharged

Front 185

prostrate

Back 185

produce fluids necessary for survival of sperm

Front 186

spermatozoa

Back 186

mature sperm cells

Front 187

spermatocidal, spermicidal

Back 187

refers to killing of sperm

Front 188

penile

Back 188

refers to penis

Front 189

prostatic

Back 189

pertaining to prostate

Front 190

anorchidism, anorchism

Back 190

congenital absence of one or both testicles

Front 191

aspermia, aspermatogenesis

Back 191

absence of sperm in semen

Front 192

benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH)

Back 192

nonmalignant, noninflammatory enlargement of the prostate

Front 193

cryptorchidism

Back 193

undescended testicles

Front 194

hydrocele

Back 194

accumulation of fluid in a saclike cavity, especially serous tumors of the testes or associated parts

Front 195

intersexuality

Back 195

a rare chromosomal abnormality in which both testicular and ovarian elements exist in the same person and may result in abnormal genitalia

Front 196

orchiditis, orchitis

Back 196

inflammation of a testis

Front 197

prostatic carcinoma

Back 197

slowly progressing cancer of the prostate

Front 198

prostatitis

Back 198

inflammation of prostate

Front 199

testicular cancer

Back 199

malignant neoplastic disease of the testes

Front 200

testicular torsion

Back 200

axial rotation of the spermatic cord, which cuts off the blood supply to the testicle

Front 201

circumcision

Back 201

surgical removal of the end of the foreskin that covers the head of the penis

Front 202

orchidectomy, orchiectomy

Back 202

surgical removal of a testicle

Front 203

castration

Back 203

excision of both testes

Front 204

orchidoplasty

Back 204

plastic surgery of the testis

Front 205

orchipexy, orchidopexy

Back 205

surgical fixation of an undescended testicle

Front 206

orchiotomy

Back 206

incision and drainage of a testis

Front 207

prostatectomy

Back 207

removal of all or part of the prostate

Front 208

transurethral microwave thermotherapy

Back 208

treatment of BPH performed through the urethra using microwave energy

Front 209

transurethral needle ablation

Back 209

treatment of BPH performed through the urethra using low level radio frequency energy

Front 210

transurethral prostatectomy, transurethral resection

Back 210

partial or complete removal of the prostate gland by passing a cystoscope through the urethra

Front 211

vasectomy

Back 211

removal of all or a segment of the vas deferens

Front 212

vasovasostomy

Back 212

surgically reconnecting the ends of the severed ductus deferens

Front 213

genitourinary (GU)

Back 213

pertains to the genitals and urinary organs

Front 214

gonorrhea

Back 214

males: urethral discharge, dysuria

females: often asymptomatic

Front 215

syphilis

Back 215

Primary stage: Painless chancre

Secondary stage: Rash

Late: Only about one third of untreated cases progress to syphiliticinvolvement of viscera, cardiovascular system, and central nervous system

Front 216

chancroid

Back 216

painful ulceration of the genitals

Front 217

condyloma acuminatum

Back 217

cauliflower