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52 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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instinct |
inherited predisposition to behave - genetic, doesn't depend on learning |
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drive theory |
distruption to homeostasis produce drives that motivate organism to restore balance people diet and watch horror movies |
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incentitives |
enviromental stimuli that motivates behaviour enviro pull factors - food - decreases hunger can be incentitives in absence of biological drive - desert when full |
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extrinsic motivation |
doing something for reward/ avoid punishment |
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intrinsic motivation |
doing something for its own sake - find it enjoyable |
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over-justification hypothesis |
giving extrinsic motivation for something you already intrinsically value make you want to do it less - once you stop being rewarded for it you no longer want it |
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self actualization |
an inborn tendency to strive toward the realization of ones full potential |
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self-determination theory |
motivation focuses on 3 psychological needs: competence, autonomy, relatedness |
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leptin |
decreases appetite, created from fat more fat a person is = less appetite |
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lateral hypthalamus (LH) |
hunger- on centre - stimulating it makes rat hungry destroying it made rat starve itself |
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ventromedial hypothalamus (VMH) |
hunger off centre |
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paraventrical nucleus |
cluster of neutrons within the hypothalmus secrete nueropeptide Y that makes you very hungry leptin inhibits this |
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factors affecting people eating |
portion size, # people present amount others eat variety |
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Ghrelin |
hormone secreted by the stomach and small intestine that increases food intake and thoughts about food - highest just before meal time then rapidly declines after |
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CCK |
peptide that decreases eating |
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catharsis principle |
emotional release through sex - agression or sexual urges are released by doing/watching it |
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performance orientation |
outperform others |
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mastery orientation |
personal improvement, max effort , perfecting new skill |
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high achievers |
choose tasks with medium difficulty because outcome is uncertain |
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people with fear of failure |
choose tasks where success is either assured or not expected at all |
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Hals interaction zones |
distance we use in interaction conveys the social significance of other people interacting
intimite zone: 0.5 m ( friends/lovers )
personal zone .5-1.25 ( acquaintances, strangers )
social zone 1.25-3.5 ( strangers in mall )
public zone: 3.5-7.5 m ( public speaking
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appraoch-appraoch conflict |
picking between two desirable things |
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avoidance-avoidance conflict |
two undesirable choices |
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appraoch-avoidence conflict |
attracted and repelled by the same thing - avoidance tendency increases faster as we approach the goal |
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delay discounting |
value of reward decreases the longer you have to wait for it |
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mastery avoidance goals |
fear of not performing to ones standards |
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performance avoidance goals |
avoiding being outperformed by others |
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mastery appraoch goals |
desire to master a task and learn new knowledge and skills |
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performance approach goals |
outperforming other people |
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emblems |
meaningful substitues for language - Eg. thumbs up |
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illustrators |
hand gestures that accompany speech |
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ledoux |
suggests that people have two simultaneous emotional reactions to the same event concious and unconscious one triggered by the amygdala |
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fundemental emotion patterns |
basic emotional response patterns that are believed to be innate |
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instrumental behaviours |
directed at achieving some goal |
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high levels of arousal |
enhance simple tasks ( lifting ) negative effect on complex tasks |
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sympathatic system |
gears up for action accelerated heart rate inhibition of perstalsis vasconstriction |
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parasympathic system |
conserves energy decelerates heart rate stimulation of peristalsis vasodilation |
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darwin |
expression intensifies experience |
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Laird- facial feedback |
changes in facial expression responsible for distinct emotion - happiness is higher when you smile |
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amygdala |
evaluating the emotional significance of sensory input -generates immediate reaction removed: objects loose psychological significance - EG. previously feared stimuli no longer generate fear no longer identify facial expressions |
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securely attached |
play with toys when mom present distress when mom leaves very happy when she returns |
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insecure attachment - anxious-resistant |
dont explore panicky when mom leaves ambivalent at reutn |
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insecure attachment- anxious- avoident |
distant, no ditress when mom leaves ignore mom when she is back |
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Hess and Polt - Pupil Dilation |
shoed people interesting slides and recorded their eyes the more interesting = wider pupils dilate men find woman with bigger pupils more attractive |
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set point theory |
everyone has a set point of neutral arousal if we raise or lower arousal bit we like it if we raise or lower to much we don't |
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frued |
expression reduces experience |
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common sense theory |
emotion provoking event --> perception ( danger ) --> perception of emotion ( fear ) ---> bodily arousal |
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James-Lange thoery |
body informs mind
emotion provoking event ---> perception ( danger ) --> bodily arousal --> perception of emotion ( fear ) |
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Canon-Bard thoery |
emotion provoking event ---> subconscious thalamus activity ---> --->bodily arousal --->perception of emotion ( fear ) |
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facial feedback hypothesis |
facial expression causes emotion |
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two-factor theory of emotion |
the intensity of physiological arousal determines perceived intensity of emotion and the enviromental cues tells us which emotion we are experiencing |
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Dutton and Aron |
men who saw woman while on a scary bridge found them more attractive - arousal of the bridge mistaken for arousal from the woman |
