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16 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Describe the common types of radioactive decay. What effect does each have on a nucleus?
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Alpha-takes 2 protons and 2 electrons away from the atomic number. Beta-one nutrons is spontaneously converted into an electron and a proton and the electron is ejected and proton stays. Gamma- gamma rays are emission has no effect on the nucleus.
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Explain the concept of half-life.
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During the span of one half-life, half of the nuclei will decay(emit their radiation. then half of the remaining nuclei and so on. until it turns into iron.
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One-half of the nuclei of a given radioisotope decays during one half-life. Why doesnt the remaining half decay during the next half-life?
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As its first half life cycle is complete the process becomes slower and will take a whole half-life cycle to decay the second half and so on.
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How is carbon-14 used to determine the ages of wood, bones, and other artifacts?
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Once something dies they do not take any more carbon-15 in and it starts to decay its hhalf life is 5700 years. they use this to tell its age.
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The half-lives of most radioisotopes used in nuclear medicine range between a few hours and a few weeks. Why?
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They need it in the blood long enough to test them then they want it to decay.
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What are the principal steps in neutron activation analysis?
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1
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How can a nucleus of uranium-235 be induced to fission? Descrive what happens to the nucleus.
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1
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What aspect of nuclear fission makes it possible for a chain reaction to occur? What is the difference between a chain reaction in a bomb and one in a nuclear power plant?
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1
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What are fission fragments, and why are they so dangerous?
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1
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There is much more uranium-235 in a typical nuclear power plant than there was in the bomb that destroyed the city of Hiroshima. Why can't the reactor explode like an atomic bomb?
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1
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Why is a nuclear fusion reaction so difficult to induce?
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1
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Why are extremely high temperatures effective at causing fusion? What is used to produce such temperatures in a thermonuclear warhead?
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1
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Why is magnetic confinement being used in fusion research?
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What is meant by the term "cold fusion"?
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What was the source of the lightest nuclei, like deuterium, in the universe? Where were the rest of the elements in the periodic table through uranium produced?
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1
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What is the last name of the two nuclear scientists who won three nobel prizes between them and were mother and daughter?
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1
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