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37 Cards in this Set

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11.1 Big Question


How does an organism pass its characteristics onto its offspring?



.

11.1


Where does an organism get its unique characteristics?

They get their characteristics from one parental generation to the next.

11.1


How are the different forms of a gene distributed to offspring.

The offspring receives one gene from each parent. The dominant gene is the one that is always more visible.

11.2 Big Question


How can you predict the outcome of a genetic cross?

.

11.2


How can we use probabilities to predict traits?

You can use probability for traits by using a Punnett Square which shows the possible outcomes of the next generation.

11.2


How do alleles segregate when more than one gene is involved?

They segregate from each other during the formation of gametes.

11.2


What did Mendel contribute to our understanding of genetics?

He helped form the basic understanding of hereditary traits and patterns of inheritance forming our basis for genetics.

Allele

The different forms of a gene.

Gene

factors that are passed from the parent to the offspring.

Trait

A specific characteristic of an individual


Ex. Hair color

Genetics

The scientific study of heredity.

Heterozygous

Organisms that have two different alleles for the same gene.

Homozygous

Organisms that have two identical alleles for a particular gene.

Hybrid

The offspring of crosses between parents with different traits.

Independent Assortment

Principle that states when genes for different traits can segregate independently during the formation of gametes.

Principle of Dominence

Some alleles are dominant and others are recessive. An organism with at least one dominant allele for a particular trait will exhibit that trait.

Segregation

The separation of alleles during gamete formation.

Phenotype

Any physical traits of an organism.

Genotype

Genetic makeup of and organism.

Probability

The chance of an organism to have a certain set of traits from there parents.

Punnett Square

The use of mathematical probability to help predict the genotype and phenotype combinations in genetic crosses.

11.4


Meiosis results in how many sperm cells? How many eggs cells?

Sperm cells- 1


Egg cells- 1

11.4


How many cell divisions are there in meiosis?

Two

11.4


Are the daughter cells of meiosis identical?

No. There is a great possibility of different gene combinations for each daughter cell.

11.4


Is the parent cell of meiosis haploid or diploid? Are the daughter cells haploid or diploid.

Parent cells- Diploid


Daughter cells- Diploid

11.4


Where does crossing over occur in meiosis?

Prophase

11.4


Mitosis and meiosis are both types of cellular division, which one is responsible for producing gametes and which is responsible for growth and repair?

Mitosis- growth and repair


Meiosis- producing gametes

Homologous

Each of the four chromosomes from the male parent has a corresponding chromosome from the female parent.

Fertilization

Process in sexual reproduction in which male and female reproductive cells join to form a new cell.

Diploid

refers to a cell that contains two sets of homologous chromosomes.

Zygote

A fertilized egg.

Haploid

Refers to a cell that contains only a single set of genes.

Crossing Over

Process in which homologous chromosomes exchange portions of their chromatids during meiosis.

Meiosis

The number of chromosomes per cell is cut in half through the separation of homologous chromosomes in a diploid cell.

Sister Chromatids

Replication of chromosomes before cell division create these.

Tetrad

Structure containing four chromatids that form during meiosis.

Gamete

A sex cell.