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58 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is the major function of the cardiovascular system?
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Transportation
(carries oxygen, nutrients, cell wastes, hormones, and other substance) |
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Where is the heart located?
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Mediastinum
(medial cavity of the thorax) |
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Describe the Apex.
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directed toward the left hip and rest on the diaphragm
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Describe the base.
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Points toward the right shoulder and lies beneath the second rib.
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The heart is enclosed by a double-walled sac called the_____.
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Pericardium
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The fibrous layer helps protect the heart and anchors it to surrounding structures, such as diaphragm and sternum.
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Fibrous pericardium.
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Deep to the fibrous pericardium is the slippery two layer.
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Serious pericardium
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Parietal layer
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lines the interior of the fibrous pericardium
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Visceral layer or epicardium
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Parietal layer that makes a u turn and continues inferiorly over the hearts surface.
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Heart walls are composed of three layers what are they?
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epicardium, myocardium and innermost endocardium.
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Consists of thick bundles of cardiac muscle twisted and whorled into ringlike arrangements.
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Myocardium
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What divides the heart longitudinally?
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Septum
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Which side of the heart pumps oxygen poor blood?
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Right side. Received from veins from the body. (through superior and inferior cavae)
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What do pulmonary arteries do?
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Carries blood to the lungs.
Picks up oxygen and unloads carbon dioxcide. Returns to left side of heart. |
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What are pulmonary viens?
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Returns oxygen rich blood back to the left side of the heart. (4 viens)
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What is pulmonary circulation?
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Its only function is to carry blood to the lungs for gas exchange and then return it to the heart.
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What happens after blood has returned to the left side of the heart?
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It gets pumped out of the heart to the aorta and eventually to all body tissues.
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What second circuit, left side of the heart through the body tissues and back to the right side of the heart called?
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Systemic circulation (left heart usually thicker walled to be able to pump out blood)
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How many valves are in the heart?
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Four valves
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Where are the atrioventricular or AV valves located?
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Between the atrial and ventricular chambers on each side. These valves prevent back flow.
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What are the left AV valves called?
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Bicuspid or mitral valve (2 flaps)
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What are the right AV valves called?
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Tricuspid valve (3 flaps)
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What is the chordae tendineae?
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Tendinous cord that anchors flaps to the walls of the ventricles.
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What are the semilunar valves?
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Gaurds the bases of the two large arteries.
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Coronary arteries branch from at the base of the aorta and encircle the heart in the ________.
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Coronary sulcus (atrioventricular groove) junction of the atria and ventricles.
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What are the major branches of the coronary arteries?
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Anterior interventricular and circumflex arteries on the left. Posterior interventricular and marginal arteries on right.
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Coronary sinus drains or empties into what part?
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Right atrium
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When myocardium is deprived oxygen it often results in crushing chest pained this is called?
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Angina pectoris
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What does the intrinsic conduction system or nodal system do?
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It sets the basic rhythm.
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What si the crescent shaped node of tissue of the intrinsic conduction called?
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Sinoatrial or (SA) node located in the right atrium
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Name the other components of the intrinsic system.
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Atrioventricular node (AV)
(AV) bundle or bundle of his. Right and left bundle branches Purkinje fibers |
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SA nodes are also known as?
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Pacemakers
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A rapid, uncoordinated shuddering of the heart muscle may lead to ____.
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Fibrillation
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What is Tachycardia?
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Rapid heart rate over 100 beats per minute.
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What is Bradycardia?
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A slow heart rate around 60 or less.
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What is systole?
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Contraction
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What is diastole?
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Relaxation
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Cardiac cycle means?
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One complete heartbeat.
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Describe early diastole.
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End of systole ventricles relax and the semilunar valves snap shut preventing backflow
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What is venous return?
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stretching of the heart muscles.
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During times of physical or emotional stress, the nerves of the _______ of the autonomic nervous system more strongly stimulate the SA and AV nodes and the cardiac muscle itself.
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Sympathetic division
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When demand declines, the heart adjusts.______, primarily the vagus nerves, slow and steady the heart, giving it more time to rest during non-crisis times.
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Parasympathetic nerves.
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What does heat do to the heart?
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heart rate increases by boosting the metabolic rate.
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Describe the vascular system.
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1.Arteries from heart
2.Smaller arteries called arterioles 3.Feed capillary beds in the tissue. |
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How many coats are found on in the walls of blood vessels?
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3
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Lines the lumen, or interior, of the vessels, is a thin layer of endothelium
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Tunic intima
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Found in the middle coat vessels.
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Tunica media
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Outermost tunic in blood vessels
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Tunica externa
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The flow of blood from an arteriole to a venule through a capillary bed is called?
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microcirculation
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A cuff of smooth mucle fibers, called a _____ surrounds the root of each true capillary and acts as a valve to regulate the flow of blood into the capillaries.
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Precapillary sphincter
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What is systolic pressure?
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Pressure in the arteries at the peak of ventricular contraction.
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What is diastolic pressure?
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the pressure when the ventricles are relaxing.
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Veins carry what type of blood?
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carries impure blood
(blue) |
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Arteries carry what type of blood?
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oxygen rich blood
(red) |
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Describe mid to late diastole.
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low pressure semilunar vales are closed and AV vavles are open. Then the atria contract and force the blood remaining in their chambers into the ventricles.
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Describe Ventricular systole.
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pressure within the ventricles increases rapidly closing the AV valves.
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Describe "lub"
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caused by the closing of the AV valves.
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Describe "dup"
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occurs when the semilunar valves close at the end of systole.
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