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28 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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the delivery of characteristics from parent to offspring
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heridity
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the scientific study of heredity
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genetics
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a specific characteristic
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trait
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a process in which male and female reproductive cells join
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fertilization
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states that some alleles are dominant and others are recessive
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law of dominance
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the offspring of crosses between parents of different traits
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hybrid
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a uniform strain of organisms that is relatively pure genetically because of continued inbreeding and artificial selection.
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pureline
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the different forms of a gene
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allele
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sequence of DNA that codes for a protein & thus determines a trait
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gene
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separation of alleles
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segregation
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sex cells
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gametes
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the likelihood of a particular event occurring
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probability
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organisms that have two different alleles for the same gene
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heterozygous
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uses mathematical probability to help predict the genotype and phenotype combination in genetic crosses
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punnett square
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genetic makeup
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genotype
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physical makeup
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phenotype
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states that genes for different traits can segregate independently during the formation of gametes
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incomplete dominance
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the phenotype produced by both alleles are clearly expressed
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codominance
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has two or more alleles
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multiple alleles
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traits controlled by two or more genes
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polygenic traits
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can affect gene expression and influence genetically determined traits
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environmental conditions
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a process in which the number of chromosomes per cell is cut in half through the separation of homologous chromosomes in a diploid cell
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meiosis
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each of the four chromosomes from the male parent has a corresponding chromosome from the female parent
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homologous
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term used to refer to a cell that contains only a single set of genes
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haploid
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term used to refer to a cell that contains 2 sets of homologous chromosomes
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diploid
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structure containing 4 chromosomes that forms during meiosis
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tetrad
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process in which homologous chromosomes exchange portions of their chromatids during meiosis
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crossing over
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fertilized egg
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zygote
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