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27 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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fertilization
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process in sexual reproduction in which male and female reproduction cells join to form a new cell
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true-breeding
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term used to describe organisms taht produce offspring identical to themselves if allowed to self-pollinate
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trait
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specific characteristics that varies from one individual to another
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hybrid
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offspring of crosses between parents with different traits
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gene
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sequence of DNA that codes for a protein and thus determines a trait
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allele
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one of a number of different forms of a gene
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segregation
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separation of alleles during gamete formation
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gamete
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specialized cell involved in sexual reproduction
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probability
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likelihood that a particular event will happen
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punnett square
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diagram showing the gene cominations that might result froma genetic cross`
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homozygous
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term used to refer to an organism that has two identical alleles for a particular trait
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heterozygous
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term used to refer to an organism that has two different alleles for the same trait
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phenotype
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physical characteristics of an organism
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genotype
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genetic makeup of an organism
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independent assortment
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independent segregation of genes during the formation of gametes
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incomplete dominance
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situation in which one allele is not completely dominant over another
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codominance
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situation in which both alleles of a gene contribute to the phenotype of the organism
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multiple alleles
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three or more alleles of the same gene
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polygenic traits
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trait controlled by two or more genes
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homologous
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term used to refer to chromosomes that each have a corresponding chromosome from the opposite sex parent
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diploid
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term used to refer to a cell that contains both sets of homoglobous chromosomes
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haploid
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term used to refer to a cell that contains a single set of chromosomes and therefore only a single set of genes
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meiosis
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process by which the number of chromosomes is cut in half through the separation of homoglobous chromosomes in a diploid cell
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tetrad
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structure containing 4 chromatids that forms during meiosis
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crossing-over
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process in which homoglobous chromosomes exchange protions of their chromatids during meiosis
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gene map
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diagram showing the relative locations of each known gene on a particular chromosome
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genetics
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scientific study of heredity
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