Chapter 11

Front 1

Within membrane - produces flat bones fo the scull and clavicles. Begins as a vasular sheet of tissue.

Back 1

Intramembranous Growth

Front 2

Mostly hyaline with fibrocartilage found in joints and tendon insertions.

Back 2

Cartilage

Front 3

Support body and protect internal organs, attachment for muscle, blood formation, salt storage, acid-base balance, detoxification.

Back 3

Functions of Skeletons

Front 4

Calcified bone (spongy or compact).

Back 4

Osseous Tissue

Front 5

Reddish jelly-like marrow - replaces most yellow marrow in old age.

Back 5

Gelatinous Marrow

Front 6

1/3 organic (collagen, proteins, etc.) and 2/3 inorganic 85%.

Back 6

Bone Matrix

Front 7

Variety of ridges, spines, depressions, canals, pores, slits, and other surface markings.

Back 7

Surface Feature

Front 8

Anklebones, shapes differ from carpals due to weight-bearing role - Calcaneous - heel.

Back 8

Tarsals

Front 9

Bone formation, varies depending on teh type of bone.

Back 9

Ossification

Front 10

Adds resistance to tension (bending) - without it, bone becopmes brittle.

Back 10

Collagen

Front 11

Comminuted Linear, Transverse, Oblique, Spiral, Hairline, Depression, Greenstick

Back 11

Types of Fractures

Front 12

Kneecap - triangular shaped.

Back 12

Patella

Front 13

Hemopoetic (produces RBC) looks like blood but thicker. Limited to axial skeleton, shoulder and pelvic gridles, and proximal heads of humerous & femur.

Back 13

Red Marrow

Front 14

Forms the ends of long bones and middle layer of most other - Consists of a latticework of trabeculae - network of rods, plates, & spines. Calcified and hard, sponge-like, minimizes bones, Provides mechanical support.

Back 14

Cancellus (spongy) bone

Front 15

Open, Closed, Complete, Incomplete, Nondisplaced, Displaced

Back 15

Fracture Categories

Front 16

Weight bearing bone of the lower leg - Medial Malleolus.

Back 16

Tibia

Front 17

Contains adipocytes, found in shafts of long bones. No longer produces blood - revert back in anemia.

Back 17

Yellow Marrow

Front 18

Longest and largest bone in the body.

Back 18

Femur

Front 19

Separated from Occipital, parietal, and shenoid by squamous suture.

Back 19

Temporal Bones (2)

Front 20

Forms arch on bottom to add spring to step for shock absorption.

Back 20

Metatarsals

Front 21

Soft tissue occupies the medullary cavity of long bone, spaces withing trabeculae of spongy, larger Haversian canals.

Back 21

Bone Marrow

Front 22

(14) Each foot. 3 per toe except 2 per big toe.

Back 22

Phalanges

Front 23

Smooth cartilage that covers that covers the epiphysis at articulating end, lubricating fluid, no perichondrium makes a glassy surface for movements.

Back 23

Hyaline (articular cartilage)

Front 24

Helps stabilize ankle but does not bear weight - Lateral Malleolus.

Back 24

Fibula

Front 25

Bones are remodeled throughout life in response to stress and growth. Bones removal, bones thicken, bones are replaces, weight of bones does not change unless disease.

Back 25

Remodeling

Front 26

Flat Bones
Short Bones
Irregular Bones
Long Bones
Sesamoid Bones

Back 26

Bones Shapes

Front 27

Posterior surface, ambdoidal suture joins the parietal and temporal bone.

Back 27

Occipital Bone (1)

Front 28

Joints are fused or connected by ligaments-attached to bone - tendons attach skeletal muscle to bones - Articulations where two bones meet.

Back 28

Regions of the Bone

Front 29

At birth. begin to form epiphysis - erosion of carilage in all directions. forms hollow holes - elongation occus here through age 21.

Back 29

Secondary Ossification Center

Front 30

Makes up 3/4 of skeleton's weight - very dense and hard, found near the surface of bone.

Back 30

Compact (hard) bone

Front 31

Hollow cavity within diaphysis line with endosteum 0 reticular CT lining filled with CT yellow (fat storage) and red (blood cells).

Back 31

Medullary Cavity

Front 32

Limbs and their girdles (arms, legs, clavicle, scapula, and pelvis)

Back 32

Appendicular

Front 33

Broken blood vessels in bone and periosteum form clot.

Back 33

Hemotoma Formation

Front 34

Carry blood vessels into surface and remove waste.

Back 34

Volkman (perforating) Canals

Front 35

Holes into surface that allow passage for nerves and blood vessels.

Back 35

Foramina

Front 36

Layers of matrix arranged around central canals called Haversian canals - allow for passage of blood vessels & nerves to nourish tissue.

Back 36

Lamellae

Front 37

Bone disorders. Treats diseases and injuries of bines, muscles, and joints.

Back 37

Orthopedics

Front 38

Basic structual unit - Haversian canal and its lamellae.

Back 38

Osteon

Front 39

Diaphysis, Epiphsis, Hyline (articular) Cartilage
Medually Cavity, Periosteum, Epiphyseal Plate

Back 39

Parts of Long Bones

Front 40

Composed of 206 adult bones and 270 in newborn(some unfused at birth) sesamoid bones-found withing tendons like knuckles and Wormian bones - formed are sutures close to skull

Back 40

Bones

Front 41

Within cartilage - produced most of bone in body - underway at birth.

Back 41

Endochondral Growth

Front 42

In marrow cavaties.

Back 42

Adipose

Front 43

22 Bones mostly fused by surfaces made up of cranial and facial bones.

Back 43

Skull

Front 44

Fluid CT.

Back 44

Blood

Front 45

Fibroblasts deposit collagen in granulation tissue. Soft Callus 9 must be immobilized at this time.

Back 45

Formation of Granulation Tissue

Front 46

Periosteum & Tendons.

Back 46

DICT

Front 47

Ends of long bone, filled with red bone marrow.

Back 47

Epiphysis

Front 48

Bone Tissue.

Back 48

Reticular Tissue

Front 49

1st sign cartilage is transforming - Chrondoctytes near center and swell and die.

Back 49

Primary Ossification Center

Front 50

Ligaments and Tendons.

Back 50

DRCT

Front 51

Forehead regions to coronal suture.

Back 51

Frontal (1)

Front 52

Innervated by Neuron Fibers.

Back 52

Nervous

Front 53

Hard callus persists for 3-4 months during which osteoblasts bridge gap and dissolve fragments - leaving a slight thickening where healed.

Back 53

Remodeling

Front 54

Bones forming the central axis of the body (skull, vetebrate, ribs, sternum)

Back 54

Axial Region

Front 55

Main middle shaft, compact bone with a hollow cavity filled with yellow marrow.

Back 55

Diaphysis

Front 56

Functioning bones cells, former osteoblasts trapped in matrix, no significant role, function to detect, live in tiny cavities, permits communication.

Back 56

Osteocytes

Front 57

Project into these fossa covered by mucous membrane.

Back 57

Nasal Conchae

Front 58

Bone forming cells, secret matrix (collagen) and mineralize` bone - crystallizes and traps.

Back 58

Osteoblasts

Front 59

Tough outer sheath that covers diaphysis/metaphysis surfaces. Strong attachment - Growth and Healing.

Back 59

Periosteum

Front 60

Hyaline cartilage between the epiphysis and diaphysis. Growth zone of bone elongation in childres and teens. Adults growth deplete and stops.

Back 60

Epiphyseal plate

Front 61

Between orbital cavities, forms roof of nasal cavity.

Back 61

Ethmoid (1)

Front 62

(2) Upper arm bone. Olecranon Fossa - forms elbow

Back 62

Humerus

Front 63

Attach to form of skull, have no direct contact with brain or meninges.

Back 63

14 Facial Bones

Front 64

Hip girdle supports lower limbs, consists of 2 Os Coxae.

Back 64

Pelvic Girdle and Lower Limbs

Front 65

Cheek bone

Back 65

Zygomatic (2)

Front 66

Body - Centrum
Vertebral foramen
Intervertebral Discs

Back 66

General Structure of the Vertebrate

Front 67

Butterfly shape, part of eye orbit and cranial fosses.

Back 67

Sphenoid (1)

Front 68

Stemum & ribs. Protect contens of the thoracic cavity - Ribs 12 pair.
7 true ribs
12 false ribs - floating ribs
Sternum - breatsbone covering heart.

Back 68

Thoracic Cage - Ribs

Front 69

(8) Bones, form the cranium or brain case - Cranial activity.

Back 69

Cranial Bones

Front 70

Shoulder girdle, supports the arm -
Clavicle - Collarbone
Scapula - Shoulder blade

Back 70

Appendicular Skeleton - Pectoral Girdle and Upper Limbs

Front 71

Forms the posterior part of hard palate.

Back 71

Palatine (2)

Front 72

(5) Short bones that attach to each finger from wrist.

Back 72

Metacarpals

Front 73

Coronal suture to lambdoidal suture. Separated right and left by sagittal suture.

Back 73

Parietal (2)

Front 74

(8) Double row of 4 short bones that form the wrist.

Back 74

Carpals

Front 75

Largest facial bone, upper jaw bone - Aveolus holding teeth and roof of mouth and floor of nasal cavity - separates two cavities.

Back 75

Maxillae (2)

Front 76

(2) Medial Bones of foremarm forms point of elbow.

Back 76

Ulna

Front 77

The largest of the three conchae.

Back 77

Inferior Nasal Chonchae (2)

Front 78

(2) Flat bones of the hip each consists of three fused bones.
Ilium, Ischium, Pubis
Also: Obturator Foreman, Acetabulum, Pelvic Inlet

Back 78

Os Coxae

Front 79

Medial eye orbit.

Back 79

Lacrimal (2)

Front 80

(14) Each hand, 3 per finger, 2 per thumb.

Back 80

Phalanges

Front 81

Rectangular bones that form the bridge of the nose.

Back 81

Nasal (2)

Front 82

(2) Lateral bones of forearm - thumb side

Back 82

Radius

Front 83

Tiny bones created in sutures where skull plates fuse together.

Back 83

Wormian Bones

Front 84

2 malleus, 2 incus, 2 stapes, one in each ear within temporal bone - smalles bones in the body. Vrbrated by tympanic membrane.

Back 84

Auditory Ossicles

Front 85

Suspended from Styloid process by muscles and ligaments. Attachment site.

Back 85

Hyoid

Front 86

33 with 23 separated by fibrocartilage intervertabral discs.
7 Cervical, 12 Thoracic, 5 Lumbar, 5 Sacral, 4 coccygeal

Back 86

Vertebral Column

Front 87

Spaces between unfused crancial bones containing fibrous CT - Intramembranous ossification will be completed here later. Most done by age 2.

Back 87

Fontanels

Front 88

Divided into body , ramus, and angle, lower jawbone, holds lower teeth - only movable bone in skull. TMJ

Back 88

Mandible

Front 89

Lower half of nasal septum supports septal cartilage.

Back 89

Vomer (1)