Chapter 11 + 12 Review (Emotion And Motivation)

Front 1

What is motivation?

Back 1

*internal and external factors that influence behavior
*a need or desire that energizes and directs behavior

Front 2

What is a motivational drive (state)? Give an example.

Back 2

*Internal motivation
*May change over time
*Orients an individul to specific goals (physiological usually)

Ex: Hunger

Front 3

What are incentives? Give an example.

Back 3

*Reinforcers/goals
*External motivation

Ex: Getting good grades

Front 4

Descrive the Drive-Reduction theory.

Back 4

When an organism is not at homeostasis, an aroused state of tension motivates that organism to satisfy the need.

Front 5

What is the difference between regulatory and nonregulatory drives?

Back 5

*Regulatory: satisfy physiological needs (internal drives)

Nonregultory: satisfy external drives

Front 6

Describe the process of drive reduction.

Back 6

1) Homeostasis
==> balance disturbed
2) Biological need
==> Need gives drive
3) Drive (internal state of tension)
==> Organism motivated to satisfy need
4) Goal directed behavior
==> Drive reduced
5) Need satisfied
==> Balance restored

*NOTE: this is a never ending cycle (circle graph)

Front 7

What is homeostasis?

Back 7

the constncy of INTERNAL conditions that the body must maiintian

Front 8

Give an example of a drive that is NOT explained by homeostasis.

Back 8

A person playing a sport on JV was the best of the group. When he or she moved up to Varsity, they didn't do as well, causing tension and motivating them to practice.

Front 9

What is facial feedback?

Back 9

When expression on our faces (facial muscles) send messages to the brain indicating the emotion felt.

*NOTE: facial expressions are a universal language

Front 10

What are the 6 universal emotions (primary/inborn)?

Back 10

1) Anger
2) Fear
3) Disgust
4) Happiness
5) Sadness
6) Pride

Front 11

What are display rules? How are they related to emotion work?

Back 11

Display rules: set of general rules on how, where, and when a person may express or suppress certain emotions

*Emotionl work: expressing emotions not felt

==> A sad person may smile at wedding because that is the norm

Front 12

What is the set-point theory?

Back 12

An individual has a certain weight range that the body maintains through metabolism and such.

Front 13

What is TAT? What kind of test is it?

Back 13

*Thematic Apperception Test
*Requires test-takers to make up a story about a set of ambiguous pictures (person will reveal unconscious feelings)
*Projective test

Front 14

What is the difference between approach and avoidance goals?

Back 14

Approach: Wanting to achieve something (i.e- learn to scuba dive)

Avoidance: wanting to avoid an unwanted situation (i.e- embarrassment in public)

Front 15

What is the self-fufilling prophecy?

Back 15

An expectation that comes true because of the tendency of the person holding it to ct in wys that bring it about MEANING if i believe it will happen, it will happen.

Front 16

What are two strong predictors of whom people will love?

Back 16

1) Proximity
2) Similarity

Front 17

What is the difference between mastery (learning) goals and performance goals?

Back 17

Mastery- focuses on learning the task well

Performance- focuses on learning the tsk well enough to recieve praise from others

Front 18

What are the 3 biological theories?

Back 18

1) Instinct (inborn)
2) Drive (internal tensions to satisfy needs)
3) Arousal (external factor of arousal)

Front 19

What is "rest and digest?"

Back 19

Slowing down after moment of high arousal to reduce nonessential functions to repair the body

Front 20

What is Yerkes-Dodson Law?

Back 20

Analyzes the amount of arousal vs the quality of performance for easy, moderate and difficult tasks.

Front 21

For what degree of difficulty is high arousal best? Give an example.

Back 21

*Easy tasks

Ex: A tennis pro hitting a forehand

Front 22

What degree of difficulty is best for low arousal? Give an example.

Back 22

* Very difficult tasks

Ex: Working on a VERYYYY difficult brain teaser

Front 23

What degree of difficulty is best for moderate arousal? Give an example.

Back 23

*Moderately difficult tasks

Ex: Working on a homework assignment on a new lesson topic disscussed during class.

Front 24

Two aspects does the psychosocial theory include?

Back 24

1) Incentive
2) Cognitive

Front 25

What is the incentive aspect of a person doing their homework?

Back 25

(External pull)

To get good grades

Front 26

What is the cognitive aspect of a person doing their homework?

Back 26

(External pull)

1) Expectations- meet and please the teacher's expectations
2) Attributes- to furthur your knowledge and enhance your skills and abilities

Front 27

What is the biopsychosocial theory related to?

Back 27

Maslow's heirarchy of needs

Front 28

Wht is the order of Maslow's Hierarchy of needs?

Back 28

1) Basic needs (physiological)
2) Safety
3) Belonging
4) Esteem
5) Self- Actualization

Front 29

Explain one reason why a person may never reach self-actualization.

Back 29

* Limited by the resources available

*New goals turn out to be more important (ex: Raising family is more important then getting a degree)

Front 30

What is emotion?

Back 30

response of the whole organism

Front 31

What is the common-sense theory?

Back 31

Stimulus ==> Perception ==> Emotion ==> Bodily Arousal

Front 32

What is the Jame's Peripheral Feedback Theory?

Back 32

Stimulus ==> Perception ==> Bodily Arousal ==> Emotion

Front 33

What is the Cannon-Bard Theory of Emotion?

Back 33

Perception of stimulus ==> Both an emotion and bodily arousal at the same time

Front 34

What is the Schacter Cognition-Plus-Feedback Theory?

Back 34

Stimulus ==> Perception ==> Either bodily arousal or emotion ==> whichever type is left btw arousal and emotion ==> percieves as more or less ==> change in degree of either bodily arousal or emotion ==> change in degree of which ever factor is left... (continuous until stimulus is nuetral)