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22 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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amniocentesis
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A test whereby the physician withdraws a sample of amniotic fluid from a woman's pregnant uterus. The fluid is then tested for genetic or other conditions that may lead to abnormal development of the fetus.
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chromosome
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Microscopic structures found within the nucleus of plant and animal cells that carry genes responsible for the organism's characteristics.
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clone
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An organism grown asexually, usually from a single cell of the parent.
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DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid)
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The combination of proteins called nucleotides that comprises an organism's chromosomes.
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emancipated minors
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Individuals in their mid- to late teens who legally live outside of parents' or guardians' control.
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gene
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A tiny segment of DNA found on a cell's chromosomes. Each gene holds the formula for making a specific molecule.
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genetic counselor
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An expert in human genetics who is qualified to counsel individuals who may have inherited genes for certain diseases or conditions.
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genetic discrimination
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Differential treatment of individuals based on their actual or presumed genetic differences.
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genetic engineering
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Manipulating DNA within the cells of plants and animals, to ensure that certain harmful traits will be eliminated in offspring and that desirable traits will appear and be passed on.
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genetics
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The study of heredity.
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genome
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All the genetic information necessary to create a human being or any other organism.
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heredity
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The process by which organisms pass genetic traits on to their offspring.
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heterologous artificial insemination
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Donor sperm is mechanically injected into a woman's vagina to fertilize her eggs.
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homologous artificial insemination
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The husband's sperm is mechanically injected into his wife's vagina to fertilize her eggs.
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Human Genome Project
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A scientific project, funded by the US government, begun in 1990 for the purpose of mapping all of a human's genes and successfully completed in 2000.
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in vitro fertilization (IVF)
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Fertilization that takes place outside a woman's body, literally, "in glass," as in a test tube.
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mature minors
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Individuals in their mid- to late teens who, for health care purposes, are considered mature enough to comprehend a physician's recommendations and give informed consent.
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parens patriae
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A legal doctrine that gives the state the authority to act in a child's best interest.
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safe haven laws
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State laws that allow a mother to abandon a newborn at a fire station, police station, or hospital without legal prosecution or with reduced legal prosecution.
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stem cells
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Early embryonic cells that have the potential to become any type of body cells.
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surrogate
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A woman who becomes pregnant, usually by artificial insemination or surgical implantation of a fertilized egg, and bears a child for another woman.
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xenotransplantation
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Transplanting animal tissues and organs into humans.
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