Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
31 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
adenine
|
a nitrogen-containing base that is a component of a nucleotide
|
|
|
anticodon
|
a region of tRNA consisting of three bases complementary to the
codon of mRNA |
|
|
base-pairing rule
|
the rule stating that in DNA, cytosine pairs with guanine
and adenine pairs with thymine and in RNA, adenine pairs with uracil |
|
|
codon
|
a group of three sequential nitrogen bases of an mRNA molecule
|
|
|
complimentary base pairs
|
the name given to a set of two proteins that
normally pair with one another according to the base-pair rule |
|
|
cytosine
|
a nitrogen-containing base; a pyrimidine of DNA and RNA
|
|
|
deoxyribose
|
the sugar molecule in a DNA nucleotide
|
|
|
DNA polymerase
|
an enzyme that binds to the separated strands of DNA and
assembles each strands complement in replication |
|
|
double helix
|
the shape of a DNA strand
|
|
|
genetic code
|
triplets of nucleotides in mRNA that determine the sequence of
amino acids in protein |
|
|
guanine
|
a nitrogen-containing base that is a component of a nucleotide
|
|
|
helicase
|
an enzyme that separates DNA strands before replication
|
|
|
messenger RNA (mRNA)
|
the type of RNA that carries genetic information
from the nucleus to the ribosomes |
|
|
mutation
|
a change in DNA
|
|
|
nitrogen-containing base
|
a DNA nucleotide containing nitrogen, a sugar
molecule, and a phosphate group |
|
|
promoter
|
a nucleotide sequence on a DNA molecule that, when attached to an
RNA polymerase molecule, will initiate transcription of a specific structural gene |
|
|
protein synthesis
|
the formation of proteins using information coded on DNA
and carried by RNA |
|
|
purine
|
an organic molecule that has a double ring of carbon and nitrogen
atoms |
|
|
pyrimidine
|
an organic molecule that has a single ring of carbon and nitrogen
atoms |
|
|
replication
|
the process by which DNA copies itself during interphase
|
|
|
ribose
|
the five-carbon sugar in RNA
|
|
|
ribosomal RNA (rRNA)
|
the type of RNA found in a ribosome
|
|
|
RNA polymerase
|
the primary transcription enzyme
|
|
|
start codon
|
the codon AUG which engages a ribosome to start translating an
mRNA molecule |
|
|
stop codon
|
causes the ribosome to stop translating mRNA; UAA, UAG,
UGA |
|
|
termination signal
|
a specific sequence of nucleotides that marks the end of a
gene in eukaryotes |
|
|
thymine
|
a nitrogen-containing base, one component of a nucleotide
|
|
|
transcription
|
the process in which RNA is made from DNA
|
|
|
transfer RNA (tRNA)
|
the type of RNA that carries amino acids from the
cytoplasm to the ribosomes |
|
|
translation
|
the process of converting the genetic code in RNA into the amino
acid sequence that makes up a protein |
|
|
uracil
|
a nitrogen-containing base found in RNA
|
