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165 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
analgesic |
pertaining to relieving pain; a medication that relieves pain |
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anastomosis |
a surgical joining of two ducts, blood vessels, or bowel segments to allow flow from one to the other. anastomosis of blood vessels may be performed to bypass an occluded area and restore normal blood flow to the area. |
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aneurysm |
localized dilation of a weakened area of the wall of an artery. the weakened area balloons out with every pulsation of the artery
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aneurysmectomy |
surgical removal of the sac of an aneurysm |
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anomaly |
deviation from normal; birth defect; for example, congenital anomaly |
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anorexia |
lack or loss of appetite, resulting in the inability to eat. it is seen in individuals who are depressed, with the onset of fever and illness, with stomach disorders, or as a result of excessive intake of alcohol or drugs |
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aplastic |
without development |
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arthralgia |
joint pain |
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ascites |
an abnormal collection of fluid within the peritoneal cavity (the peritoneum is the serous membrane that lines the entire abdominal cavity). this fluid contains large amounts of protein and electrolytes. general abdominal swelling occurs with ascites |
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asystole |
absence of contractions of the heart |
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atherosclerosis |
a form of arteriosclerosis (hardening of the arteries) characterized by fatty deposits building up within the inner layers of the walls of larger arteries |
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benign |
noncancerous; not progressive |
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bruit |
an abnormal sound or murmur heard with a stethoscope when listening to a carotid artery, organ, or gland: for example, during auscultation |
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cardiologist |
one who specializes in the study of diseases and disorders of the heart |
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cardiology |
the study of the heart |
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carditis |
inflammation of the heart muscles |
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carotid endarterectomy |
a surgical procedure performed to remove plaque buildup in the carotid arteries and facilitate blood flow; performed to reduce the risk of stroke caused by disruption of the blood flow |
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claudication |
cramplike pains in the calves of the legs caused by poor circulation to the muscles of the legs commonly associated with artherosclerosis |
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coronary artery |
one of a pair of arteries that branch from the aorta. the coronary arteries and their branches supply blood and oxygen to the heart muscle (myocardium) |
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cusp |
any one of the small flaps on the valves of the heart |
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dependent edema |
a fluid accumulation in the tissues influenced by gravity; usually greater in the lower extremities than in tissue levels above the level of the heart |
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diastole |
the period of relaxation of the heart, alternating with the contraction phase known as systole. |
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dysrythmia |
abnormal rhythm |
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echocardiogram |
the graphic outline or record of movements of structures of the heart produced by ultrasonography (ultrasound) |
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edema |
the localized or generalized collection of fluid within the body tissues, causing the areas to swell |
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embolus |
a clot or a part of a clot that has dislodged from another vessel and moved into a smaller vessel, possibly causing an obstruction to the flow of blood, an embolus may be solid, liquid, or gaseous |
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endocarditis |
inflammation of the inner lining of the heart; caused by direct invasion of bacteria or other organisms and leading to deformity of the valve cusps. abnormal growths called vegetations are formed on or within the membrane |
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epicardium |
the inner layer of the pericardium, which is the double-folded membrane that encloses the heart |
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hemostasis |
stopping or controlling the flow of blood |
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hepatomegaly |
enlargement of the liver |
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Homan's sign |
pain felt in the calf of the leg, or behind the knee, when the examiner is purposely dorsiflexing the foot of the patient. if the patient feels pain, it is called a positive Homan's sign indicating thrombophlebitis |
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hyperlipidemia |
an excessive level of fats in the blood |
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hypertension |
elevated blood pressure persistently higher than 135/85 mmHg; high BP; aka as arterial hypertension 1) essential 2) secondary 3) malignant |
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hypotension |
low BP; less than normal BP reading |
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hypoxemia |
insufficient oxygenation of arterial blood |
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infarction |
a localized area of necrosis in tissue, a vessel, an organ, or a part resulting from lack of oxygen (anoxia) due to interrupted blood flow to the area |
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ischemia |
decreased supply of oxygenated blood to a body part or organ |
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lesion |
a wound, injury, or any pathological change in body tissue |
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leukopenia |
an abnormal decrease in number of WBCs to fewer than 5,000 cells per cubic millimeter; aka leukocytopenia |
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lipid |
any of a group of fats or fatlike substances found in the blood. (examples are cholesterol, fatty acids, and triglycerides) |
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lumen |
a cavity or the channel within any organ or structure of the body; the space within an artery, vein, instestine, or tube |
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mediastinum |
the area between the lungs in the chest cavity that contains the heart, aorta, trachea, esophagus, and bronchii |
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megaloblastic anemia |
a form of anemia characterized by excessive production of immature large erythrocytes (RBCs), unable to carry on their normal function |
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myelodysplastic syndrome |
a rare group of blood disorders that occur as a result of poorly formed or dysfunctional blood cells within the bone marrow; the bone marrow does not make enough healthy blood cells and there are abnormal (blast) cells in the blood and/or bone marrow |
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myocardium |
the middle muscular layer of the heart |
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nocturia |
urination at night |
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orthopnea |
an abnormal condition in which a person sits up straight or stands up to breathe comfortably |
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pacemaker |
the SA node of the heart located in the RA. it is responsible for initiating the heartbeat, influencing the rate and rhythm of the heartbeat. the cardiac pacemaker is an electric apparatus used for maintaining a normal heart rhythm by electrically stimulating the heart muscle to contract |
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palpable |
detectable by touch |
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palpitation |
a pounding or racing of the heart, associated with normal emotional responses or with heart disorders |
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pericardial |
pertaining to the pericardium |
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pericardium |
the double membranous sac that encloses the heart and the origins of the great blood vessels |
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petechiae |
small, purplish, hemorrhagic spots on the skin; may be due to abnormality in the blood-clotting mechanism of the body |
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phlebitis |
inflammation of a vien |
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pitting edema |
a swelling, usually of the skin of the extremities, that when pressed firmly with a finger will maintain the dent produced by the finger |
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prophylactic |
an agent that protects against disease |
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pulmonary artery |
one of a pair of arteries that transports deoxygenated blood from the RV of the heart to the lungs for oxygenation. the pulmonary arteries are the only arteries in the body to cary deoxygenated blood |
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pulmonary circulation |
the circulation of deoxygenated blood from the RV of the heart to the lungs for oxygenation and back to the LA of the heart; that is, from the heart, to the lungs, back to the heart |
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pulmonary vein |
one of 4 arge veins (2 from each lung) that returns oxygenated blood from the lungs back to the LA of the heart. the pulmonary veins are the only veins in the body to carry oxygenated blood |
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SA node |
sinoatrial node; pacemaker of the heart |
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septicemia |
systemic infection in which pathogens are present in the circulating bloodstream, having spread from an infection in any part of the body |
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septum |
a wall, or partition, that divides or separates two cavities. the interatrial septum sep the right and left atria, the atrioventricular septum sep the atria and ventricles, and the interventricular septum sep the right and left ventricles |
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serum sickness |
a hypersensitivity reaction that may occur 2-3 weeks after administration of an antiserum. symptoms include fever, enlargement of the spleen, swollen lymph nodes, joint pain, and skin rash |
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Sydenham's chorea |
a form of chorea (involuntary muscle twitching) associated with rheumatic fever, usually occurring in childhood |
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systemic circulation |
the circulation of blood from the LV of the heart, throughout the body, and back to the RA of the heart. oxygenated blood leaves the LV of the heart and is distributed to the capillaries. deoxygenated blood is picked up from the capillaries and is transported back to the right atrium of the heart |
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systole |
the contraction phase of the heartbeat forcing blood into the aorta and the pulmonary arteries. systole is marked by the first sound heard on auscultation, or the first pulse palpated, after the release of the blood pressure cuff (sphygmomanometer) *challenge word* |
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thrombosis |
the formation or existence of a blood clot |
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vasocontriction |
narrowing of the lumen of a blood vessel |
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vegetation |
an abnormal growth of tissue around a valve |
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aneurysm/o |
aneursym |
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angi/o |
vessel |
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arter/o , arteri/o |
artery |
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arteriol/o |
arteriole |
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arther/o |
fatty |
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blast/o |
embryonic stage of development |
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cardi/o , coron/o |
heart |
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echo- |
sound |
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electr/o |
electrical, electricity |
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-emia |
blood condition |
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endo- |
within |
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-gram |
record or picture |
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-graphy |
process of recording |
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hem/o |
blood |
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-penia |
decrease in; deficiency |
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-stasis |
stopping or controlling |
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ventricul/o |
ventricle of the heart or brain |
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pallor |
paleness |
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angina pectoris |
severe pain and constriction about the heart, usually radiating to the left shoulder and down the left arm, creating a feeling of pressure in the anterior chest |
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cardiac tamponade |
compression of the heart caused by the accumulation of blood or other fluid within the pericardial sac. the accumulation of fluid in the pericardial cavity prevents the ventricle from adequately filling or pumping blood. a life-threatening emergency if untreated |
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cardiomyopathy |
a disease of the heart muscle itself, primarily affecting the pumping ability of the heart. this noninflammatory disease of the heart results in enlargement of the heart (cardiomegaly) and dysfunction of the ventricles of the heart |
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congestive heart failure |
condition characterized by weakness, breathlessness, and abdominal discomfort. edema in the lower portions of the body resulting from the flow of the blood through the vessels being slowed (venous stasis) and the outflow of blood from the left side of the heart is reduced. the pumping ability of the heart is progressively impaired to the point that is no longer meets bodily needs; aka cardiac failure |
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coronary artery disease |
the narrowing of the coronary arteries to the extent that adequate blood supply to the myocardium is prevented page 410-412 |
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hypertensive heart disease |
a result of long-term hypertension. the heart is affected because it must work against increased resistance due to increased pressure in the arteries |
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mitral valve prolapse |
drooping of one or both cusps of the mitral valve back into the left atrium during ventricular systole, resulting in incomplete closure of the valve mitral insufficiency |
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myocardial infarction |
*challenge word* heart attack: a condition caused by occlusion of one or more of the coronary arteries. this life-threatening condition results when myocardial tissue is destroyed in areas of the heart that are deprived of an adequate blood supply due to the occluded vessels |
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myocarditis |
inflammation of the myocardium may be caused by viral or bacterial infections or may be a result of systemic diseases such as rheumatic fever. this may also be caused by fungal infections, serum sickness, or a chemical agent |
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pericarditis |
inflammation of the pericardium, the saclike membrane that covers the heart muscle. it may be acute or chronic |
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rheumatic fever |
an inflammatory disease that may develop as a delayed reaction to insufficiently treated group A beta-hemolytic streptococcal infection of the upper respiratory tract |
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arteriosclerosis |
an arterial condition in which there is thickening, hardening, and loss of elasticity of the walls of arteries, resulting in decreased blood supply, especially to the lower extremities and cerebrum |
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peripheral arterial occlusive disease |
obstruction of the arteries in the extremities (predominantly the legs). the leading cause of this disease is atherosclerosis, which leads to narrowing of the lumen of the artery. the classic symptom is intermittent claudication, which is cramplike pain in the muscles brought on my exercise and relieved by rest |
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Raynaud's phenomenon |
intermittent attacks of vasocontriction of the arterioles (causing pallor of the fingers or toes), followed by cyanosis and then redness before returning to normal color; initiated by exposure to cold or emotional disturbance |
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thrombophlebitis |
inflammation of a vein associated with the formation of a thrombus (clot); usually occurs in an extremity, most frequently a leg |
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varicose veins |
enlarged, superficial veins; a twisted, dilated vein with incompetent valves |
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venous insufficiency |
an abnormal circulatory condition characterized by decreased return of venous blood from the legs to the trunk of the body |
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coarctation of the aorta |
a congenital heart defect characterized by a localized narrowing of the aorta, which results in increased BP in the upper extremities (area proximal to defect) and dec BP in the lower extremities (area distal to defect) |
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patent ductus arteriosus |
an abnormal opening between the pulmonary artery and the aorta caused by failure of the fetal ductus arteriosus to close after birth. this defect is seen primarily in premature infants |
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tetralogy of Fallot |
a congenital heart anomaly that consists of 4 defects: pulmonary stenosis, interventricular septal defect, dextroposition (shifting to the right) of the aorta so that it receives blood from both ventricles, and hypertrophy of the RV; named for the french physician who first described the condition |
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transposition of the great vessels |
a condition in which the two major arteries of the heart are reversed in position, which results in two noncommunicating circulatory systems |
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atrial flutter |
condition in which the contractions of the atria become extremely rapid, at the rate of 250-350 bpm |
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fibrillation (atrial/ventricular) |
atrial fibrillation is extremely rapid, incomplete contractions of the atria resulting in disorganized and uncoordinated twitching of the atria |
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heart block (AV) |
an interference with the normal conduction of electric impulses that control activity of the heart muscle |
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ventricular tachycardia |
a condition in which the ventricles of the heart beat at a rate greater than 100 bpm; characterized by 3 or more consecutive premature ventricular contractions (PVCs). it is also known as "V-tach" (VT). |
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angiography |
x-ray visualization of the internal anatomy of the heart and blood vessels after introducing a radiopaque substance (contrast medium) that promotes the imaging (makes them visible) of internal structures that are otherwise difficult to see on x-ray film. this substance is injected into an artery or a vein |
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cardiac catheterization |
a diagnostic procedure in which a catheter (a hollow, flexible tube) is introduced into a large vein or artery (usually of an arm or a leg) and then threaded through the circulatory system to the heart. it is used to obtain detailed info about the structure and function of the heart chambers, valves, and the great vessels |
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cardiac enzymes test |
performed on samples of blood obtained by venipuncture to determine the presence of damage to the myocardial muscle |
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computed axial tomography (CAT) |
a diagnostic x-ray technique that uses ionizing radiation to produce a cross-sectional image of the body |
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echocardiography |
a diagnostic procedure for studying the structure and motion of the heart. it is useful in evaluating structural and functional changes in a variety of heart disorders |
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electrocardiogram |
a graphic record (visual representation) of the electrical action of the heart as reflected from various angles to the surface of the skin; known as EKG or ECG |
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event monitor |
similar to the Holter monitor in that it also records the electrical activity of the heart while the patient goes about usual daily activities. a cardiac event monitor can be used for a longer period of time than a Holter monitor (usually a month). |
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exercise stress testing |
a means of assessing cardiac function by subjecting the patient to carefully controlled amounts of physical stress |
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Holter monitoring |
a small, portable monitoring device that makes prolonged electrocardiograph recordings on a portable tape recorder. the continuous EKG (ambulatory EKG) is recorded on a magnetic tape recording while the patient conducts normal daily activities |
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implantable cardioverter defibrillator |
ICD is a small, lightweight, electronic device placed under the skin or muscle in either the chest or abdomen to monitor the heart's rhythm. if an abnormal rhythm occurs, the ICD helps return the heart to it's normal rhythm |
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magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) |
involves the use of a strong magnetic field and radiofrequency waves to produce imaging that is valuable in providing images of the heart, large blood vessels, brain, and soft tissue |
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positron emission tomography (PET) |
a computerized X-ray technique that uses radioactive substances to examine the blood flow and the metabolic activity of various body structures such as the heart and blood vessels. the patient is given doses of strong radioactive tracers by injection or inhalation. the radiation emitted is measured by the PET camera |
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serum lipid test |
measures the amount of fatty substances in a sample of blood obtained by venipunture |
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thallium stress test |
one of several nuclear stress tests, is a combination of exercise stress testing with thallium imaging (myocardial perfusion scan) to assess changes in coronary blood flow during exercise |
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A fib |
atrial fibrillation |
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AMI |
acute myocardial infarction |
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AS |
aortic stenosis |
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ASD |
atrial septal defect |
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ASHD |
arteriosclerotic heart disease |
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AV |
atrioventricular |
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BBB |
bundle branch block |
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BP |
blood pressure |
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CABG |
coronary artery bypass graft |
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CAD |
coronary artery disease |
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Cath |
catherization |
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CC |
cardiac catherization |
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CCU |
coronary care unit |
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CHD |
coronary heart disease |
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CHF |
congestive heart failure |
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CPR |
cardiopulmonary resuscitation |
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CVD |
cardiovascular disease |
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DOE |
dyspnea on exertion |
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DVT |
deep vein thrombosis |
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ECG / EKG |
electrocardiogram |
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ECHO |
echocardiogram |
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HCVD |
hypertensive cardiovascular disease |
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HDL |
high-density lipoprotein |
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ICD |
implantable cardioversion defibrillator |
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LDL |
low-density lipoprotein |
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MI |
myocardial infarction |
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MRI |
magnetic resonance imaging |
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MS |
mitral stenosis |
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MVP |
mitral valve prolapse |
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PACs |
premature atrial contractions |
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PAT |
paroxysmal atrial tachycardia |
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PDA |
patent ductus arteriosus |
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PET |
positron emission tomography
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PTCA |
percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty |
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PVCs |
premature ventricular contractions |
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SA |
sinoatrial |
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V Fib |
ventricular fibrillation |
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VSD |
ventricular septal defect |
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VT, V tach. |
ventricular tachycardia |