Chapter 10 Test Review - Physiology & Histology Of The Skin

Front 1

Physiology is most accurately described as the study of ______.

Back 1

The study of the function of living organisms.

Front 2

The largest organ of the body is ________.

Back 2

The skin (Page 229)

Front 3

The appendages of the skin are:

Back 3

Hair, nails, sweat glands & oil glands.

Front 4

The skin contains what percentage of the body's primary immune cells?

Back 4

1/2 (Page 229)

Front 5

What does the skin protect against?

Back 5

Outside elements & microorganisms (Page 230)

Front 6

What is the name of the barrier function of the skin?

Back 6

The acid mantle

Front 7

The average pH of the acid mantle is _____.

Back 7

5.5

Front 8

TEWL means what?

Back 8

Transepidermal Water Loss

Front 9

What is the intracellular cement between the epidermal cells?

Back 9

Lipids

Front 10

Name the immune cells that protect us from foreign substances?

Back 10

Langerhans immune cells (Page 235)

Front 11

Sensory nerve fibers are most abundant where?

Back 11

Fingertips (Page 231)

Front 12

The body's internal thermostat is ____.

Back 12

98.6 degrees (Page 231)

Front 13

What glands excrete perspiration & detoxify the body?

Back 13

Sudoriferous (sweat glands Page 232)

Front 14

Sebaceous (oil) glands _____.

Back 14

Softens skin, excrete sebum & protect from outside elements.

Front 15

What does intracellular mean?

Back 15

Between the cells (Page 232)

Front 16

Why is it important for estheticians to understand the function of each layer of the skin?

Back 16

So they can properly choose ingredients and treatment for clients. (Page 228)

Front 17

Estheticians are licensed to work on _____.

Back 17

The epidermis only

Front 18

95% of the epidermis is made up of ________.

Back 18

Keratinocytes (Page 234)

Front 19

Which answer most accurately describes the stratum licidum layer?

Back 19

Clear cells (Page 235)

Front 20

The average cell turnover rate for the skin cells on the epidermis is_____.

Back 20

28 days (Page 234)

Front 21

Desquamation is _____.

Back 21

The shedding of the keratinocytes (Page 234)

Front 22

Squamous cells are ______?

Back 22

Flat & Scaly (Page 234)

Front 23

What is the layer of skin below the stratum corneum?

Back 23

Stratum Lucidum

Front 24

Where is the skin the thickest?

Back 24

Palms of the hands & feet

Front 25

Keratin & intracellular lipids are formed where?

Back 25

Stratum Granulosum

Front 26

Which layer of the skin produces the melanin pigment?

Back 26

Stratum Germinativum (Page 235 - 236)

Front 27

Mitosis occurs in which layer of the skin?

Back 27

Stratum Germinativum (Page 236)

Front 28

Which cells in the basal layer produce pigment granules?

Back 28

Melanocytes (Page 236)

Front 29

The thickest layer of the skin is the _____.

Back 29

Dermis

Front 30

What are the two layers of the dermis?

Back 30

Papillary & Reticular Layers (Page 231)

Front 31

What aids in the production of collagen & elastin?

Back 31

Fibroblasts (Page 238)

Front 32

The junction of the dermis and the epidermis is called the _____.

Back 32

Papillary layer (Page 239)

Front 33

Stretch marks are caused by _____.

Back 33

Damaged Elastin Fibers (Page 239)

Front 34

What is the primary cause of wrinkles?

Back 34

The loss of elastin

Front 35

Subcutis tissue found below the reticular layer is _____.

Back 35

Adipose Tissue (Page 239)

Front 36

Identify the one that is NOT a layer of the skin:

Back 36

Epithelial

Front 37

If you have folliculites, you have _____.

Back 37

Ingrown Hairs

Front 38

What fibers stimulate the arrector pili muscles?

Back 38

Motor efferent nerves (Page 242)

Front 39

The difference in genetic skin color is due to _____.

Back 39

The amount of melanin activated in the skin.

Front 40

The product that suppress melanin production is _______.

Back 40

Tyrosinase inhibitors (brightening agents, Page 237)

Front 41

Apocrine glands are the most active when?

Back 41

During emotional changes (Page 243)

Front 42

What do cells need in order to survive?

Back 42

Nourishment, protection, the ability to function properly and continual replacement or prolification. (Page 243)

Front 43

What stimulates cell turnover?

Back 43

AHA - Alpha Hydroxy Acids

Front 44

What are free radicals?

Back 44

Super-oxidizers

Front 45

What is the greatest aging effect on the skin?

Back 45

UV rays

Front 46

What is an indication of free radical damage?

Back 46

Red-inflamed skin

Front 47

What is the acronym for burning rays?

Back 47

UVB rays

Front 48

What percentage of aging is caused by the sun?

Back 48

80-85%

Front 49

As estrogen depletes, skin begins to _____.

Back 49

Lose its tone

Front 50

Estrogen used in hormone replacement therapy can come from _______.

Back 50

Plants & Animals