Chapter 10 Teachers, Schools And Society (1)

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Adequate yearly progress (AVP)

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Data/scores collected from annual state assessments that meet guidelines established by the No child Left Behind Act. #########################################################

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authentic assessment

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Evaluation that represents actual performance and integrates students learning processes. It encourages students to reflect on their own work, and is integrated into the student's whole learning process. Such tests usually require that students synthesize knowledge from different areas and use that knowledge actively

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Cannon

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An identification of the most useful and valued books in a culture. ################################################################################################

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Common Core State Standards

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Identifies the skills and content a student should master at each grade level from kindergarten to grade 12. #######################################################################################

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core curriculum

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A central body of knowledge that schools require all students to study. ###########################################################################################

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core knowledge

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Awareness of the central ideas, beliefs, personalities, writings, events, etc. of a culture. Also termed cultural literacy. ########################################################################################

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Creationism

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The position that God created the universe, the earth, and living things on the earth in precisely the manner described in the Old Testament, in six 24-hour periods.

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Critical pedagogy

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Teaches students how to identify and then work to remediate social challenges, from pollution to inadequate housing. Teaches students to become thoughtful and involved citizens.

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Cultural thinking skills

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New focus in the curriculum in which students respond to higher-order questions ###########################################################################################################

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Curriculum

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Arranging classroom experiences for learning, like creating a lesson plan. It is called formal or explicit. The federal government and specially appointed education commissions, 2 groups promoting a standards-based, high-stakes testing.

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cultural literacy

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Knowledge of the people, places, events, and concepts central to the standard literate culture. ##########################################################################################

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digital divide

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A term used to describe the technological gap between the "haves" and the "have-nots." Race, gender, class, and geography are some of the demographic factors influencing technological access and achievement.

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Evolution

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As put forth by Charles Darwin, a keystone of modern biological theory that postulates that animals and plants have their origin in other preexisting types and that there are modifications in successive generations.

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Extracurriculum

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The part of school life that comprises activities, such as sports, student government, school publications, academic and social clubs, band, chorus, orchestra, and theater. Many educators think that the extracurriculum develops important skills and values, including leadership, teamwork, creativity, and diligence.

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formal or explicit curriculum

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Details the facts and concepts that every educated American should know. A school's official curriculum that is reflected in academic courses and requirements. It is not a fixed course of study but changes to reflect the values of the time.

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implicit or hidden curriculum

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Invisible/What students learn, other than academic content, from what they do or are expected to do in school; incidental learnings. Students are shaped by the school culture including the attitudes and behaviors of teachers.

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intelligent design

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The argument that instances in nature cannot be explained by Darwinian evolution, but instead are consistent with the notion of an intelligent involvement in the design of life.

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last mile problem

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Geography contributes to a digital divide, in part because running fiber optic cables to rural schools is often an expense that telecommunications companies avoid.

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Metacognition

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Thinking about the process of one’s own thinking #########################################################################################################

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multicultural education

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Educational policies and practices that not only recognize but also affirm human differences and similarities associated with gender, race, ethnicity, nationality, disability, and class.

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No Child Left Behind (NCLB)

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A federal law passed in 2001 that emphasizes high-stakes standardized testing by requiring schools to annually assess students' achievement in reading, math, and science. Schools report not only individual test scores, but also scores by race, ethnicity, disability, social class, and limited English proficiency.

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null curriculum

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Topics considered unimportant or too controversial, inappropriate or not worth the time, and therefore not taught . This curriculum is not taught in schools, like some history present and past, or when theory of evolution or sex education is not taught.

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Opportunity-to-learn standards

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In No child left behind, a standard that was created to help at-risk students by ensuring a level playing field by providing all students with appropriate educational resources, competent teachers and modern technology.

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Performance standards

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provide clear expectations for instruction, assessment, and student work, enabling a teacher to know “how good is good enough.” They isolate and identify the skills needed to use the knowledge and skills to problem-solve, reason, communicate, and make connections with other information. They also tell the teacher how to assess the extent to which the student knows the material or can manipulate and apply the information.

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Spirituality

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A personal and pluralistic view of life’s meaning, is broader than any particular religion. It encompasses many ideas common to all religions; activities that renew, lift up, comfort, heal, and inspire both ourselves and others. P. 341

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Standards-based education

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Education that specifies precisely what students should learn, focuses the curriculum and instruction (and perhaps much more) on meeting these standards, and provides continual testing to see if the standards are achieved.

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stealth or self-censorship

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(Also called stealth censorship. ) To avoid possible problems and parental complaints, some educators quietly remove a book from a library shelf or a course of study. Teachers practice the same sort of self-censorship when they choose not to teach a topic or not to discuss a difficult issue.

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textbook adoption states

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States, most often those in the South and West, that have a formal process for assessing, choosing, and approving textbooks for school use.

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Saber-Tooth Curriculum

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Teaches that a curriculum should preserve the past, but not be limited by it. ###################################################################################

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In Colonial America

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Reading and religion were central ##############################################################################################