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55 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Muscles that hold one bone in place relative to the body while a usually more distal bone is moved are called ___________. |
Fixators |
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The origin of a _________ is often stabilized by_______, so that its action occurs at its _______. |
prime mover, fixators, point of insertion |
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The muscles of the scapula act as _____ to hold the scapula in place while other muscles _____ to move the humerus. |
fixators, contract |
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In the body, the joints function as_____, and the bones function as ______. |
Fulcrums, levers |
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A _____ is a rigid shaft capable of turning about a hinge, or pivot point, called a _____ and transferring a force applied at one point along the lever to a ______, or resistance, placed at another point along the lever. |
Lever, fulcrum (F), weight (W) |
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When muscles contract, the ______, or force, of muscle contraction is applied to the levers (bones), causing them to move. |
pull (P) |
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What are the three classes of levers based on the relative positions of the levers, fulcrums, weights, and forces? |
Classes I, II, and III
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The levator palpabrea superioris _________. |
Raises the upper lids. |
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A droopy eyelid on one side is called___. |
ptosis |
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What does ptosis usually indicate? |
That the nerve to the levator palpebrae superioris, or the part of the brain controlling that nerve, is damaged. |
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The _____ draws the eyebrows inferiorly and medially, producing vertical corrugations (furrows) in the skin between the eyes. |
Corrugator supercilii |
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What muscles constrict the pharynx from superior to inferior, forcing food into the esophagus? |
Salpingopharyngeus |
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What does the salpingopharyngeus also do? |
It also opens the auditory tube, which connects the middle ear to the pharynx. |
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What does opening the auditory tube do? |
It equalizes the pressure between the middle ear and the atmosphere; that is why it is sometimes helpful to chew gum or swallow when ascending or descending a mountain in a car or when changing altitudes in an airplane. |
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The muscles of the thorax are mainly involved in the process of _____. |
breathing |
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List the 4 major groups of thoracic muscles that are associated with the rib cage. |
1. Scalene- muscles elevate the 1st two ribs during more forceful inspiration 2. External intercostals- elevate the rib during quiet, resting inspiration. 3. Internal intercostals 4. Transversus thoracis - both muscles depress the ribs during forced expiration. |
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It extends from the area of the xiphoid process of the sternum through the navel of the pubis.
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The linea alba or white line
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the linea alba is devoid of _____ and consists of _____.
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muscle, white connective tissue |
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on each side of the linea alba is the
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rectus abdominis |
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the rectus abdominis is surrounded by
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a rectus sheath |
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__________ transect the rectus abdominis at 3, or sometimes more, locations, causing the abdominal wall of a lean, well-muscled person to appear segmented (six-pack).
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Tendinous intersections (tendinous inscriptions)
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A ring of bone w/an inferior opening that is closed by a muscular wall , through which the anus & the urogenital openings penetrate.
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The pelvis |
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the coccygeus and the levator ani muscles form |
most of the pelvic floor |
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Jointly they are referred to as the
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Pelvic diaphragm |
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the diamond-shaped area inferior to the pelvic floor is the
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perineum
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the anterior half of the diamond is the
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urogenital triangle |
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the posterior half of the diamond is the
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anal triangle |
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when may the muscles of the pelvic diaphragm & urogenital triangle be stretched? |
During pregnancy, by the extra weight of the fetus. |
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The primary muscles holding the head of the humerus in the glenoid cavity are the
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Rotator cuff muscles |
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Why are they named as such?
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because they form a cuff or cap over the proximal humerus |
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A rotator cuff injury involves damage of these muscles or their tendons, usually the_________. |
Supraspinatus muscle |
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The muscles involved in the arm are involved in (6) |
1. Flexion 2. Extension 3. Abduction 4. Adduction 5. Rotation 6. Circumduction |
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Name the 4 rotator cuff muscles
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2. Subscapularis- Medially rotates arm; holds head of humerus in place 3. Supraspinatus- Abducts arm; holds head of humerus in place 4. Teres Minor- Laterally rotates & adducts arm; holds head of humerus in place |
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extension of the elbow is accomplished by the (2)
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triceps brachii and the anconeus |
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flexion of the elbow is accomplished by (3)
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The Brachialis, biceps brachii, & the brachioradialis |
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the ______constitutes the main mass visible on the posterior aspect of the arm.
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Triceps brachii |
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The ____ is readily visible on the anterior aspect of the arm. |
biceps brachii |
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the _____ lies deep to the biceps brachii and can be seen only as a mass on the medial and lateral sides of the arm. |
brachialis |
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the ______ forms a bulge on the anterolateral side of the forearm just distal to the elbow. |
brachioradialis |
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two major anterior muscles that flex the wrist
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Flexor carpi radialis and flexor carpi ulnaris
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list the three posterior muscles that extend the wrist
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1. Extensor carpi radialis longus 2. Extensor carpi radialis brevis 3. Extensor carpi ulnaris |
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The tendon of the ______serves as a landmark for locating radial pulse, which is lateral to the tendon.
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flexor carpi radialis
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the wrist ________and ________ are visible on the ______ & ________ surfaces of the forearm.
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flexors, extensors anterior, posterior |
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the posterolateral hip muscles consist of the ______ and the ______.
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gluteal muscles, tensor fasciae latae |
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Contributes most of the mass that can be seen as the buttocks
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Gluteus maximus |
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is a common site for injections and creates a smaller mass just superior and lateral to the gluteus maximus. |
Gluteus medius
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Functions at its maximum force in extension of the thigh when the hip is flexed at a 45-degree angle, so that the muscle is optimally stretched, which accounts for both the sprinter's stance and the bicycle racing posture.
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Gluteus Maximus |
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What are the two anterior thigh muscles?
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Quadriceps femoris and the Sartorius |
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the quadriceps femoris is actually four muscles. What are they? |
2. vastus lateralis 3. Vastus medialis 4. Vastus intermedius |
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The _____ group _____ the knee.
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Quadriceps, extends |
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Why does the rectus Femoris also flex the hip?
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Because it crosses both the hip and knee joints.
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What are the 3 hamstring muscles?
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1. Semitendinosus 2. Biceps Femoris 3. Semimembranosus |
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A prominent lateral muscle of the neck that can cause flexion of the neck or rotate the head is the
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Sternocleidomastoid |
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Which of these muscles would you expect tom be especially well developed in a boxer known for his powerful jab (punching straight ahead) |
Triceps Brachii |
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which of these muscles is an intrinsic hand muscle that moves the thumb? |
Flexor pollicis brevis |