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29 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are the individual parts within a muscle fiber called?
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Sarcolemma, which is the cell membrane. Sarcoplasmic reticulum, which is the endoplasmic reticulum. And sarcoplasm, which is the cytoplasm.
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What are the difference between the thick filaments and thin filaments?
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The thick filaments are dark, and consist of myosin whereas the thin filaments, or the I-band, have mostly actin but also have some troponin and tropomyosin.
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What disappears completely during a muscle contraction?
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The H-zone.
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What are the function of the muscular system?
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Support, posture, movement, generation of heat, storage, move substances
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Match the types of muscle tissues:
a. striated b. single nucleus cell c. involuntary d. intercalated disks e. branching network |
a. skeletal, cardiac
b. smooth, cardiac c. smooth, cardiac d. cardiac e. cardiac |
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Match the types of muscle tissues:
a. walls of blood vessels b. heart muscle c. walls of digestive tract d. skeletal muscles e. multiple nuclei per cell |
a. smooth
b. cardiac c. smooth d. skeletal e. skeletal |
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Muscle structure - write the terms that match the statements:
a. a bundle of fibers enveloped by connective tissue b. all fascicles together compose the... c. connective tissue covering entire muscle d. cordlike attachment of a muscle e. connective tissue in between muscle fibers f. plasma membrane of muscle cell g. cytoplasm of a muscle cell |
a. fascicle
b. entire muscle c. epimysium d. tendon e. endomysium f. sarcolemma g. sarcoplasm |
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Muscle structure - write the terms that match the statements:
h. functional unit of muscle fibers i. thinner protein filaments in myofibrils j. thicker protein filaments in myofibrils k. portion of a myofibril between Z lines l. dark bands of sarcomere m. junction of motor neuron axon and sarcolemma n. connective tissue covering of fascicles |
h. sarcomere
i. actin (troponin, tropomyosin) j. myosin k. sarcomere l. myosin m. neuromuscular junction n. perimysium |
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Muscle structure - write the terms that match the statements:
o. depressions of membrane into cell p. structure that stores calcium q. light bands of sarcomere r. portion of sarcomere that narrows during contraction s. regulatory protein that covers myosin binding sites t. regulatory protein that interacts with calcium u. neurotransmitter used in muscle contraction |
o. t-tubules
p. sarcoplasmic reticulum q. thin filaments r. H zone s. tropomyosin t. troponin u. acetylcholine |
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The axon tip of an activated motor neuron releases _____ into the _____, where is combines with _______ on the sarcolemma.
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The axon tip of an activated motor neuron releases ACETYLCHOLINE into the SYNAPTIC GAP, where it combines with RECEPTORS on the sarcolemma.
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This causes an inflow of sodium into the muscle cell causing an _____. This impulse travels across the ______ and down the ______.
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This causes an inflow of sodium into the muscle cell causing an ACTION POTENTIAL. This impulse travels across the SARCOLEMMA and down the T-TUBULES.
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As the signal passes it stimulates the release of _____ from the ______. The released ion interacts with _____ which causes ______ to move away from the ______ site of the _____ filament.
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As the signal passes it stimulates the release of CALCIUM from the SARCOPLASMIC RETICULUM. The released ion interacts with TROPONIN which causes TROPOMYOSIN to move away from the MYOSIN BINDING site of the THIN filament.
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The _____ filament head forms a _____ with the active site. The _____ stroke occurs pulling the _____ filaments toward each other. _____ is needed to break the connection between the filaments.
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The MYOSIN filament head forms a CROSS-BRIDGE with the active site. The POWER stroke occurs pulling the ACTIN (THIN) filaments toward each other. ATP is needed to break the connection between the filaments.
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Write the term that match the statements:
a. Decomposes neurotransmitter b. combines with oxygen to store small amounts of oxygen in muscle cells c. acid formed from pyruvic acid when adequate oxygen is not available d. provides direct quick energy for muscle contractions e. process releasing energy from nutrients in cells f. process used for sustained muscular activity g. process that happens when muscles feel tired |
a. acetylcholinesterate
b. myoglobin c. lactic acid d. creatine phosphate e. aerobic cellular respiration f. aerobic cellular respiration g. muscle fatigue |
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What is a motor unit? Why do whole muscles have multiple motor units?
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1 motor neuron and all the muscle fibers it stimulates. Multiple motor units within a muscle are used to maintain fine control
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What is muscle tone?
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Muscle tone is a continuous stimulation of muscle. It keeps muscles firm and helps maintain posture.
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Types of contractions?
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Isotonic - when muscle shortens, changes shape
Isometric - muscle doesn't change length |
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Match the types of skeletal muscle fibers:
a. many mitochondria b. fatigue resistant c. ATP - fermentation d. lots of capillaries e. least powerful f. low myoglobin |
a. slow oxidative
b. slow oxidative c. fast glycolytic d. slow oxidative e. slow oxidative f. fast glycolytic |
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What is the distribution of slow oxidative and fast glycolytic muscle fibers in whole muscles? What types of exercise are promoted by each muscle fiber? Can you change your distribution of muscle fibers?
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Every muscle has both, but not in equal amounts. Fast sprinting and lifting - fast glycolytic. Marathons - slow oxidation. No, you can't change the distribution of slow oxidative and fast glycolytic within the muscle.
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Define the four properties of muscle tissue.
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Excitability - capable to produce and carry electrical signals
Contractility - generate force or tension Extensibility - able to bend or stretch (within limits) elasticity - has the ability to return to its original shape (after contraction or extension) |
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What are the effects of aerobic and anaerobic exercise on the muscular system?
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Delayed onset muscle soreness, increase circulation of blood and the body brings in more oxygen
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When muscles get bigger, what is happening?
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The muscle cells are continually getting bigger
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Why was the coroner unable to remove a vial from a suicide victims hand? If the victim has been discovered three days later, would the coroner still have been unable to?
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Rigor mortis, which sets in a couple hours after death, makes the body "lock up" or stiff. If the coroner had found the body three days later, he would not have had the same issue since rigor mortis usually only lasts two to two and a half days.
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Which of the two chemicals would be a good skeletal muscle relaxant and why?
A. chemical that binds to and blocks Ach receptors of muscle cells B. floods the muscle cells cytoplasm with calcium |
Chemical A would be the better choice because then the signal would never get to the muscle cell
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Why is it when a persons cast is removed, that part of the body may be smaller, muscular wise, than the other?
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Because if muscles aren't used, they become smaller.
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How do anabolic steroids promote muscle growth?
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Testosterone
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What is the difference between a strain and a sprain?
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A strain is a torn ligament and a sprain is a significant tear in a muscle
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What is the difference between a hiatal and inguinal hernia?
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Location mainly. A hiatal is where there is a protrusions through the esophageal hiatus and an inguinal is where a portion of the small intestines enters the inguinal canal
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A trauma that damages a nerve going to your hand, would result in ______ paralysis of the hand. A hiccup is a great example of a ______ spasm. Tetanus, which keeps your motor neurons firing, leads to "lock jaw" which is a ______ spasm.
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A trauma that damages a nerve going to your hand, would result in FLACCID paralysis of that hand. A hiccup is a great example of a CLONIC spasm. Tetanus, which keeps your motor neurons firing, leads to "lock jaw" which is a TONIC spasm.
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