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72 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Cerebell/o:
1) Meaning 2) Example 3) Definition |
1) Cerebellum
2) cerebellar 3) pertaining to the cerebellum |
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Cerebr/o:
1) Meaning 2) Example 3) Definition |
1) Cerebrum
2) Cerebral Cortex 3) COrtical means pertaining to the cortex or outer area of an organ |
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dur/o:
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dura mater-outermost layer of meninges
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subdural hematoma
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colleciton of blood under the dura mater
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epidural hematoma
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collection of blood above the dura mater
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Encephalitis
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1) encephal-brain
2) itis-inflamation |
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Encephalopathy
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1) Encephal-brain
2) pathy-disease |
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anencephaly
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1) an-without
2) encephal-brain |
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Meningeal
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1) meninge-membranes and meninges
2) al-pertaining to the membrane |
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Meningioma
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1) meningi-membrane and meninges
2) oma-tumor;mass;fluid collection |
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Myoneural
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1) Myo-muscle
2) Neural-pertaining to nerve |
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Myelogram
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1) Myelo-spinal cord
2) gram-record |
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Neuropathy
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1) Neuro-nerve
2) Pathy-disease |
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Radiculopathy
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1) Raidculo-nerve root or spinal nerve
2) Pathy-disease |
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analgesia
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condition of no pain sensation--ex. -usually sedation without loss of consciousness neuralgia nerve pain
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cephalgia: cephalalgia
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head pain--headache
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anesthesia
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condition of no nervous sensation, such as touch, pain
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paresthesia
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abnormal sensations such as numbness, tingling, pricking
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hyperesthesia
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excessive sensitivity to touch, pain or other sensory stimuli
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bradykinesia
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slowness of movement
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hyperkinesis
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condition of excessive movement--muscular activity
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kinesiology
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-study of movement
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paresis
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partial paralysis or weakness
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hemiparesis
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slight paralysis affecting the right half or left (half) side of the body
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aphasia-
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inability to speak
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-plegia
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paralysis
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hemiplegia
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paralysis of left half or right half of body
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paraplegia
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paralysis of lower part of body and legs -injury or disease of cord at lumbar level
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quadriplegia
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paralysis of all 4 limbs--damage is at cervical level
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syncope--
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fainting
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Hydrocephaly
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abnormal accumulation of CSF in brain--circulation of CSF in brain and sp. cord is impaired--characteristics in infant are enlarged head and small face. Can be treated by placing a shunt from ventricle of brain to the peritoneal cavity so the CSF will continuously drain.
Adults may suffer from this as result of a tumor or infection. |
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spina bifida
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congenital defect in spinal column due to imperfect union of vertebral parts-usually occurs in lumbar region--certain types can result in herniation of the meninges (meningocele) and herniation of spinal cord and meninges (meningomyelocele or myelomeningocele)
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Alzheimer disease--brain
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disorder marked by deterioration of mental capacity--early sign--loss of memory of recent events, persons, places, etc followed by impairment of judgment, comprehension and intellect.
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ALS--amyotrophic lateral sclerosis--
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also known as Lou Gehrig disease. --degeneration of motor neurons in spinal cord and brain stem--difficulty swallowing, talking and breathing--eventually all muscles atrophy and patient becomes quadriplegic. Unknown cause and no cure.
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epilepsy
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a chronic brain disorder characterized by seizure activity-¬
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seizure--
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abnormal, sudden excessive discharge of electrical activity within brain
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tonic-clonic (grand mal seizure
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sudden loss of consciousness with stiffening (tonic
contractions and then clonic contractions (twitching)-often preceded by aura |
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petit mal
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minor form of seizure--clouding of consciousness and loss of contact with
environment momentarily |
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Multiple sclerosis-
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destruction of myelin sheath on neurons in CNS--replaced by plaque of sclerotic tissue--this demyelination prevents conduction of nerve impulses--unknown etiology--possible autoimmune
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myasthenia gravis-
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Means grave muscle weakness --relapsing weakness of skeletal muscles--is a chronic autoimmune disorder
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palsy--
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paralysis-cerebral palsy-partial paralysis and lack of muscular coordination due to damage to cerebrum during gestation or in the perinatal period.
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Bell palsy--
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unilateral facial paralysis due to disorder of facial nerve--etiology unknown--usually complete recovery is possible
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Parkinson disease
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degeneration of nerves in brain leading to tremors, weakness of muscles, slowness of movement; motor disturbances include stooped posture, shuffling gait, muscle stiffness (rigidity) and tremor of hands and head
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Tourette syndrome
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Neurological disorder marked by involuntary spasmodic twitching movements (tics) uncontrollable vocal sounds and inappropriate words
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meningitis
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bacterial (pyogenic) and viral--inflammation of meninges--symptoms are fever, headache, sensitivity to light, and stiff neck. Pyogenic (more serious and life threatening) may be treated with antibiotics –vaccines are now given for prevention of bacterial meningitis; viral is treated symptomatically
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shingles--
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viral disease affecting peripheral nerves--pain and blisters follow the peripheral nerves--cause is herpes zoster--same virus that causes chicken pox--can occur at the same time as chicken pox or seen in adults or older children that have a very mild case of chicken pox--Now a vaccine is available for chicken pox. It can still be contracted but will only have a very mild case. Only those with the herpes zoster virus (living in body) can have shingles.
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brain tumors
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gliomas--a type is an astrocytoma. Glioblastoma multiforme is most malignant form of astrocytoma -- Meningioma--usually benign--however cause compression of brain--they are surrounded by a capsule
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cerebral concussion-
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brief loss of consciousness after injury, usually clears within 24 hrs., no evidence of structural damage--more severe may lead to coma
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cerebral contusion
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bruising of brain tissue as result of direct trauma to head--neurological deficits persist for more than 24 hours--usually associated with a skull fracture--subdural and epidural hematomas occur and can lead to permanent brain injury and epilepsy
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CVA--
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CEREBROVASCULAR ACCIDENT; also called STROKE; CEREBRAL INFARCTION-¬
disruption in normal blood supply to the brain. Three types of strokes: 1) thrombotic 2)ebolic 3) Hemmorage |
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thrombotic
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blood clot (thrombus) in arteries leading to brain results in occlusion (blocking) of the vessel; atherosclerosis leads to this type--before total occlusion pt. may experience symptoms (dizziness, numbness, tingling) that point to gradual occlusion---these episodes are known as TIA's--transient ischemic attack-- (mini¬stroke)
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. embolic--
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an embolus (clot that breaks off from an area of the body) travels to the cerebral arteries and occludes small vessel. This type usually occurs very suddenly. Emboli--can be air, gas, fat, as well as a dislodged thrombus.
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hemorrhagic
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bursting forth of blood from cerebral arteries--often fatal-due to advancing age, atherosclerosis, or hypertension, -all causing degeneration of cerebral vessels--contributing factors are also, obesity, diabetes, smoking, substance abuse--cocaine.
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thrombotic strokes can be treated with clot dissolving (anticoagulant) drug therapy--(tPA--_____) if started within 3 hours of onset of stroke; also surgically treated with a carotid ______ (removal of plaque from inner lining of carotid artery)
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tissue plasminogen activator
endarterectomy |
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Aneurysm
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Enlarged, weakened area in an arterial wall, which may rupture, leading to hemorrhage and CVA
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Astrocytoma
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malignant tumor of astrocytes (gliab brain cells)
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Aura
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peculiar symptom or sensation occurring before the onset (prodromal) of an attack of migraine or an epileptic seizure
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dementia
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mental decline and deterioration
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embolus
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clot of material that travels through the bloodstream and suddenly blocks a vessel
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gait
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manner of walking
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herpes zoster
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shingles, viral infection affecting peripheral nerves
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palliative
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relieving symptoms but not curing them
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TIA
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transient ischemic attack
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occlusion
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blockage
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Cerebrospinal fluid analysis
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samples of CSF are examined
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cerebral angiography
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xray imaging of the arterial blood vessel in the brain after injection of contrast material
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CT of brain
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x-ray technique that generates computerized multiple images of the brain and spinal cord
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myelography
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x-ray of spinal cord using contrast; MRI of brain;
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MRI of brain
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magnetic field and pules of radiowave energy create images of brain and spinal cord
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lumbar puncture (LP
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cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is withdrawn from between 2 lumbar vertebrae;
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Doppler/ultrasound
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on carotid and intracranial arteries; EEG
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1) CNS
2) CSF 3) LP 4) TIA 5) MS 6) CVA 7) EEG |
1)Central Nervous System
2) Cerebrospinal fluid 3) lumbar puncture 4) transient ischemic attack; temporary interference with blood supple to the brain 5) multiple scleroisis 6)cerebrovascular accident 7) electroencephalography |
