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24 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
social trends
1) acceptance of single hood
2) acceptance of cohabitation
3) reduced premium on permanence (increasing divorce)
4) transitions in gender roles
5) increased voluntary childlessness
6) decline in the nuclear family
cohabitation
49.7% of households are married couples
- living together in a sexually intimate relationship without legal bonds
endogamy
tendency for people to marry within their own social group
- race, religion, ethnicity, social class
- appears to be declining gradually
homogamy
tendency for people to marry others who have similar personal characteristics
- age, education, attractiveness, attitudes
3 categories: warmth/loyalty, vitality/attractiveness, status/resources
6 predictors of marital success
family background, age, length of courtship, personality, premarital communication, stressful events
family life cycle (6 stages)
1. between families: unattached young adult
2. joining of families: newlyweds
3. family with young children
4. family with adolescents
5. launching children into the adult world
6. family in later life
between families
unattached young adult
- more people are prolonging this stage
- must accept parent/offspring separation
joining of families
newlyweds
- settling into roles as husband and wife
- great happiness "marital bliss"
- short cause want children asap
family with young children
accepting new members into the system, transition with disruption to routines
- more impact on moms than dads
- parents exhibit less marital satisfaction
family with adolescents
increasing flexibility of family boundaries to include children's interdependence
sandwich generation
middle age worried about caring for children AND parents
- women assume more responsibility for elderly parents leading to burnout
launching children into the adult world
conflict subsides, parent-child relations become closer and supportive
boomerang generation
young adults who come home after living independently
family in later life
accepting the shifting of generational roles
- marital satisfaction increases
3 sources of pleasure: children/grandchildren, memories, travelling
3 problems: disagreements about leisure activities, intimacy, finances
four horsemen of the apocalypse (5)
5 risks factors for divorce
1. contempt (feeling your spouse is inferior)
2. criticism
3. defensiveness
4. stonewalling (refusing to listen)
5. belligerence (challenging power/authority of partner)
divorce
legal dissolution of a marriage
painful and stressful for most couples
- highest between 5-10th years of marriage
- rates are declining
divorce highest among... (6)
blacks, low income, cohabited, don't have children, marry young, divorced parents
development of stepfamilies
1) fantasy (unrealistic expectations)
2) immersion (real life challenges expectations)
3) awareness (family members make sense of new arrangement)
4) mobilization (attempt to negotiate difficulties)
5) action (create strategies to resolve differences)
6) contact (positive emotional bond beings to form)
7) resolution (norms are established and new rituals emerge)
cohabitation effect
premarital cohabitation increases marital discord and divorce rates
battering
physical, emotional, and sexual abuse of an intimate partner
- 25% of women, 7% of men have been physically abused by partner
- women commit 25% of spousal murders
date rape
forced and unwanted intercourse in the context of dating
- NOT seduction, often occurs when seduction fails
hormones associated with love
lust= estrogen, testosterone
attraction= dopamine, norepinephrine
attachment= oxytocin, vasopressin
hormones and being in love
higher circulating levels of cortisol and nerve growth factor
- only present in the first 6 months of a relationship
cortisol and glucose= when thinking about partner
- happens throughout relationship
derogating alternatives
putting down the attractiveness of a potential romantic partner who might threaten the satiability of the relationship
- one way to maintain a relationship