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26 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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genomics
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the systematic study of the genome using large scale DNA sequencing, gene-expression analysis, or computational methods
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proteomics
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study of the complement of proteins present in a cell or organism in order to identify their localization, functions, and interactions
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recombinant DNA
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DNA molecule composed of one or more segments from other DNA molecules
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transgenic organisms
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an animal or plant in which novel DNA has been incorporated into the germ line
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sticky ends
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the single -stranded ends of a DNA fragment produced by certain restriction enzymes, each capable of reannealing with a complementary sequence in another molecule.
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cloned gene
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a dna sequence incoporated into a vector molecule capable of replication in the same or a different organism
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vector
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a DNA molecule, capable of replication, into which a gene or DNA segment is inserted by recombinant DNA techniques; a cloning vehicle.
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bacterial artificial chromosomes (BACs)
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a plasmid vector with regions derived from the f plasmid that contains a large fragment of clone DNA
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reverse transcriptase
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an enzyme that makes complementary dna from a single stranded RNA template
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complementary DNA (cDNA)
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a DNA molecule made by compying RNA with reverse transcriptase.
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YAC (yeast artificial chromosome)
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in yeast, a cloning vector that can accept very large fragments of DNA; a chromosome introduced into yeast derived from such a vector and containing DNA from another organism.
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Retrovirus
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one class of RNA animal viruses that cause the synthesis of DNA complementary to their RNA genomes on infection.
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Cosmid
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A hybrid plasmid that contains cos sites at each end. Cos sites are recognized during head filling of lambda phages. Cosmids are useful for cloning large segments of foreign DNA (up to 50 kb).
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BAC (bacterial artificial chromosome)
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a plasmid vector with regions derived from the F plasmid that contains a large fragment of cloned DNA
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RT-PCR
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Amplification, using an RNA template, of a duplex DNA molecule originally produced by reverse trascriptase
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Bioinformatics
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the use of computers in the interpretation and management of biological data
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Functional genomics
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the use of DNA microarrays and other methods to study the coordinated expression of many genes simultaneously
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DNA microarray/chip
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An array of tiny dots of DNA molecules immobilized on glass or on another solid support used for hybridization with a probe of fluorescently labeled nucleic acid.
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Reporter gene
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a gene whose expression can readily be monitored
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two-hybrid analysis
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a method of detecting protein-protein interactions that makes use of two fused (hybrid) proteins, one includijng the DNA binding domain and the other the transcriptional activation domain of a transcriptional activator protein. If the polypeptide chains attached to these components interact within the nucleus, then the interaction brings the domains together and transcription of a reporter gene takes place.
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reverse genetics
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procedure in which mutations are deliberately produced in cloned genes and introduced back into cells or the germline of an organism
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gene targeting
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disruption of mutation of a designated gene by homologous recombination
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Ti plasmid
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a plasmid that is present in Argrobacterium tumefaciens and is used in genetic engineering in plants
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P element
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A Drosophila transposable element that has been used as a tool for insertion mutagenesis and for germline transformation
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Transformation rescue
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Introducing DNA fragments to correct a gametic defect in a mutant organism
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gene therapy
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deliberate alteration of the human genome for alleviation of disease.
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