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60 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
endocrine system
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system made of glands and
tissues that secrete hormones into the blood |
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Major glands in the endocrine system
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Pituitary
Hypothalamus Thyroid Adrenal Pancreas Thymus Testes or Ovaries |
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puberty hormones effect________and________
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mood and mind
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hormones effect.........
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induction or suppression of apoptosis (programmed cell death)
activation or inhibition of the immune system regulating metabolism,fighting, reproductive cycle, fleeing, mating,puberty, caring for offspring, menopause, |
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Hormone secretion is controlled by ?
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Negative Feedback
= as hormone levels rise, they will inhibit (turn off) any further hormone release ensuring hormones stay at normal range |
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hormones that are not fat soluable and can’t pass through cell membrane without hitching a ride. They communicate with the secondary messenger mechanism.
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Protein hormones (non-steroid hormones)
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lipid soluable hormones that pass through the cell membrane of the target cell. These hormones can communicate without the secondary messenger mechanism.
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steroid hormones
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calls for the production of messenger RNA (mRNA) molecules, which code for the production of proteins.
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The steroid hormone-receptor complex
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an example of a negative feedback loop is?
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heating system
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This gland produces the Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH),Adrenocorticotropic Hormone (ACTH),Follicle-Stimulating Hormone (FSH),. Luteinizing Hormone (LH)(these four hormones are tropic hormones),Growth Hormone (GH), Prolactin hormone (PH)(these two are not tropic hormones)
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Anterior pituatary gland
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this hormone causes water reabsorption (from urine back into the blood), thereby decreasing urine secretion. When ADH is released, you produce a small quantity of a concentrated urine. It saves water.
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Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH)
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this hormone stimulates the pregnant uterus to contract; may initiate labor. It causes milk release or milk letdown.
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Oxytocin
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these hormones regulate body temperature metabolism and weight
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thyroid hormones
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substance that thyroid needs to make its hormones
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iodine
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medicine used to treat underactive thyroid
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synthroid
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decreases the blood calcium concentration by inhibiting breakdown of bone, which would release calcium into the blood.
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Calcitonin
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Regulates Basal Metabolic Rate (BMR)of all body cells
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thyroid hormone
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Hypothyroidism causes...
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low BMR,cretinism, myxedema
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Hyperthyroidism (high bmr) causes...
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Grave’s Disease
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The condition that results from inadequate secretion of thyroid hormones during fetal life or early infancy. The brain and skeleton fail to develop properly, resulting in mental retardation and dwarfism.
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Cretinism
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occurs when your immune system mistakenly attacks your thyroid gland and causes it to overproduce the hormone thyroxine
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graves disease
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function of the parathyroid gland(PTH) is?
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increases blood calcium concentration by increasing the breakdown of bone with the release of calcium into the blood and by increasing Ca++ absorption at the intestines.
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hormones that the adrenal gland secretes
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Epinephrine (adrenaline) and norepinephrine
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functions of the adrenal glands are?
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to secrete hormones that help the body resist acute stress by intensifying and prolonging the effects of sympathetic stimulation
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outer layer of adrenal cortex secretes..........
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mineralocorticoids
the main minerlocortoid is aldosterone which increases blood sodium and decreases potassium levels |
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the middle layer of the adrenal cortex secretes.....
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glucocorticoids
The main glucocorticoid is cortisol (hydrocortisone) which helps the body deal with chronic stress by maintaining normal blood glucose concentration and increasing gluconeogenesis and fat breakdown |
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High levels of glucocorticoids can.......
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suppress immune system function.
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inner layer of adrenal cortex secretes.....
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sex hormones (testosterone and estrogen)
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the endocrine portion of the pancreas is called....
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Islets of Langerhans, which contain alpha and beta cells
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hormone secreted by alpha cells. It increases blood glucose levels by accelerating liver conversion of glycogen to glucose
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Glucagon
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hormone secreted by beta cells. It decreases blood glucose levels by accelerating the movement of glucose into cells
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insulin
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type 1 diabetes millitus is caused by......
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no insulin secreted
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type 2 diabetes millitus is caused by........
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Cells can't use the insulin thats secreted
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two structures in the ovaries that secrete hormones are?
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the ovarian follicles and the corpus luteum
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hormone causes development and maturation of the breasts and external genitals, development of adult female body contours and initiation of the menstrual cycle
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Estrogen (feminizing hormone)
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these secrete the male hormone testosterone.
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interstitial cells of the testes
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hormone that causes maturation of external genitals in the male, beard growth, voice changes at puberty and development of musculature and body contours typical of the male
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Testosterone (masculinizing hormone)
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gland located in the center of the upper chest just behind the sternum.
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Thymus
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lymphocytes mature, multiply, and become Tcells here.
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thymus
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gland produces melatonin
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The pineal gland
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a hormone
That affects the wake/sleep patterns and photoperiod functions |
melatonin
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hormone that stimulates growth of the thyroid gland; also stimulates it to secrete thyroid hormone. It is a tropic hormone.
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Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH)
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hormone that stimulates growth of the adrenal cortex and stimulates it to secrete glucocorticoids. It is a tropic hormone.
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Adrenocorticotropic Hormone (ACTH)
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hormone that initiates growth and development of ovarian follicles and the egg, stimulates estrogen production. In the male, it stimulates sperm production. It is a tropic hormone.
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Follicle-Stimulating Hormone (FSH)
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hormone that causes ovulation; causes ruptured follicle to develop into corpus luteum and stimulates progesterone secretion. In the male, it stimulates the interstitial cells in the testes to secrete testosterone. It is a tropic hormone.
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Luteinizing Hormone (LH)
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stimulates growth by accelerating protein production and fat and carbohydrate quantity. Is greatest during childhood and adolescence.
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Growth Hormone (GH)
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stimulates breast development during pregnancy. It causes the production of milk and the delivery of the baby
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Prolactin hormone (PH)
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what are target cells?
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cells that are targeted by specific hormones that have that hormones' receptor sites
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production of too many hormones
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hypersecretion
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production of too few hormones
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hyposecretion
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mechanism that starts with a hormone being secreted to send a message from endocrine gland to target organ.Protein cells cannot penetrate cell membranes of the organ they are trying to communicate to thus the cell must "hitch a ride" by activating the receptor sites of the targeted cell's membrane causing a secondary hormone to secrete within the cell to complete communication. protein (non-steroid) cells have to do this.
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secondary messenger mechanism
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these hormones influence activities in neighboring cells.They do not control activites of widely seperated organs and are not typical hormones.
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prostaglandins
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two parts of the pituatary gland are?
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anterior pituatary(adenohypophysis)(adeno=gland)
posterior pituatary(neurohypophysis)(neuro=nervous) |
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where is the pituatary gland located?
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sella tucica (small depression in the sphenoid bone)
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These hormones are four of the six hormones(the first four)that secrete from the pituatary gland. They stimulate another hormone to grow and secrete its own hormones.
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tropic hormones.(The first four major hormones secreted from the pituatary gland)
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two parts of the adrenal gland
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adrenal cortex (has 3 layers: outer,middle and inner) and the
adrenal medulla |
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When hormones reach a certain level, they simply stop secreting. This reverses mechanisms in the body.
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negative feedback loop
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Part of the brain that controls the piuatary gland
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hypothalamus
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the posterior pituatary gland excretes what hormones?
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Antidiuretic hormone(ADH) and oxytocin
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Thyroid gland excretes......
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thyroxine(T4)(4 molecules of iodine),triiodothyronine(T3)(3 molecules of iodine),and calcitonin
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