Chapter 10 Cognition And Perception

Front 1

Perception

Back 1

Collection, interpretation, and recognition of stimuli, including pain.

Front 2

Cognition

Back 2

Intelligence, memory, language, and decision making

Front 3

Cognition and perception are connected to?

Back 3

Functioning of the central nervous system and the senses of vision, hearing, touch, smell, and taste

Front 4

The environment stimulates the senses then?

Back 4

The senses pass stimuli into the cerebral cortex, where PERCEPTION (recognition) and COGNITION (interpretation) occur.

Front 5

PRESBYOPIA

Back 5

FARSIGHTED, caused by a loss of elasticity of the lens and results in decrease in the power of accommodation

Front 6

CATARACTS

Back 6

Cloud the lens and result in blurred vision and sensitivity to glare.

Front 7

PRESBYCUSIS

Back 7

loss of hearing acuity, mainly in higher- pitched sounds

Front 8

OTOSCLEROSIS

Back 8

loss of hearing resulting from decreased sound transmission

Front 9

What can cause tinnitus?

Back 9

Meniere's disease, age, some medicines, especially myacin medications.

Front 10

Connections between nerve fibers of the cerebral cortex
(cognition development)

Back 10

Each time stimuli are introduced to the brain, they are associated with the pool of facts, memories, and experiences that are stored there. Once connections are established, info is learned.

Front 11

Memory enables:

Back 11

people to retain and recall experienced sensations, ideas, concepts, impressions, and all info that has been learned.

Front 12

Human mind:

Back 12

able to retrieve info on demand, correlate random info, make judgments, solve problems, and create ideas

Front 13

IQ can be deceptive because...

Back 13

there are different types of intelligence, and standardized testing procedures do not measure all types of intelligence.

Front 14

FLUID INTELLIGENCE

Back 14

ability to perform tasks or make judgments based on unfamiliar stimuli. "Thinking on your feet"

Front 15

CRYSTALLIZED INTELLIGENCE

Back 15

"wisdom" ability to perform tasks and make judgments based on knowledge and experiences throughout life.

Front 16

APHASIA

Back 16

condition in which people are unable to understand or express themselves through language.

Front 17

Indicators of hearing loss

Back 17

-difficulty understanding women and children
-trouble following a conversation
-difficulty hearing over a phone
-complaints that other people are mumbling
-increased volume of radio of tv
-straining to hear conversation at a normal volume

Front 18

Common problems with aging

Back 18

Speed at which info is processed and recalled changes.
Take longer to recall specific info.
Short-term memory is more likely to be affected.
Some degree of forgetfulness or memory loss is common.

Front 19

Risk factors related to cognition and perception

Back 19

Vision problems
Hearing problems
Dementia
Disturbed cerebral circulation
Meds

Front 20

HEMIANOPSIA

Back 20

Portion of visual field is lost

Front 21

cognitive function can be affected by:

Back 21

Sensory changes.
Physiologic factors.
Emotional Disorders.

Front 22

Treatable causes of PSEUDODEMENTIA

Back 22

Depression, hypothyroidism, and vitamin deficiencies

Front 23

CONFUSION

Back 23

Mental state characterized by disorientation regarding time, place, or person that leads to bewilderment, perplexity, lack of orderly thought, and the inability to choose or act decisively and to perform activities of daily living.

Front 24

3 major forms of confusion:

Back 24

Acute confusion, idiopathic confusion, and dementia.

Front 25

ACUTE CONFUSION
(delirium)

Back 25

Disturbances in cognition, attention, memory, and perception.
Usually caused by; uncontrolled pain, infection, metabolic disturbances, vitamin deficiencies, uremia, hypoxia, hypercalcemia, myocardial infarction, constipation, toxicity, and drug withdrawal

Front 26

Acute delirium

Back 26

Characterized by rapid mood swings, disorganized sleep cycles, changes in psychomotor activity, tremors, or spasmodic activity, rapid speech patterns, loss of attention, and wide range of cognitive changes.

Front 27

Idiopathic Confusion

Back 27

Likely to occur when there is a stressful disturbance in lifestyle or life patterns such as, death of a loved one, depression, or relocation to a hospital or new living quarters.

Front 28

Symptoms of idiopathic confusion

Back 28

Appetite changes, loss of interest, changes in sleep patterns, agitation, feeling worthless or guilt, fatigue

Front 29

Dementia

Back 29

Slow, insidious process that results in progressive loss of cognitive function.

Front 30

Dementia is caused by:

Back 30

Damage to the cerebral cortex that is most commonly a result of disease conditions, multiple infarcts of the cerebrum secondary to stroke, and other pathologic conditions to the brain.

Front 31

Dementia characteristics:

Back 31

Changes in memory, judgment, language, math calculations, abstract reasoning, and problem-solving ability, impulsive behavior, stupor, confusion, and disorientation.

Front 32

Common behaviors with advanced dementia:

Back 32

Wandering, catastrophic reactions, combative behaviors, suspiciousness, and hallucinations or delusions.

Front 33

Speech requires:

Back 33

Functioning of the brain, cranial nerves, pharynx, larynx, and lungs.

Front 34

Normal speech in older adults:

Back 34

Slower, softer, less fluent, less rhythmic, and breathier than in younger adults.

Front 35

DYSARTHRIA

Back 35

Difficult, poorly articulated speech, resulting from interference in the control and execution over the muscles of speech

Front 36

2 regions of the brain that play key roles in language and speech:

Back 36

1) Broca's area, located in the posterior frontal lobe
2) Wernicke's area- located in the posterior temporal lobe.

Front 37

Most common types of aphasia

Back 37

-receptive aphasia: person has difficulty understanding language.
- Expressive aphasia: Person is unable to express himself using language.
-Global aphasia: person loses the ability both to understand language and to express language.

Front 38

BROCA'S APHASIA

Back 38

Person is able to understand verbal and written language but is unable to speak words fluently.
-area of the brain that coordinates the muscles of speech is damaged.
-Expressive or motor

Front 39

WERNICKE'S APHASIA

Back 39

Person is able to speak but the words produced may be nonsensical or have little connection with reality.
-receptive or sensory