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24 Cards in this Set

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Avogadro's Hypothesis
A STATEMENT THAT EQUAL voolumes of gases at the same temperature and pressure contain equal numbers of molecules
Avogadro's Law
A statement that the volume of a gas maintained at a constant temperature and pressure is directly proportional to the number of moles in the gas
Bar
A unit of pressure equal to 10^5 Pa
Boyle's Law
A law stating that a constant temperature, the product of the volume and pressure of a given amount of gas is a constant
Charles's Law
A law stating that a constant pressure, the volume of a given quantity of gas is proportional to absolute temperature
Dalton's Law of Partial Pressures
A law stating that the total pressure of a mixture of gases is the sum of the pressures that each gas would exert if it were present alone
Diffusion
The spreading of one substance through a space occupied by one or more other substances
Effusion
The escape of a gas through an orifice or hole
Gas Constant (R)
The constant of proportionality in the ideal-gas equation
Graham's Law
A law staing that the rate of effusion of a gas is inversely proportional to the square root of its molecular weight
Ideal Gas
A hypothetical gas whose pressure, volume, and temperature behavior is completely described by the ideal-gas eqaution
Ideal-Gas Equation
An equation of state for gases that embodies Boyle's Law, Charles's Law, and Avagadro's Hypothesis in the form PV=nRT
Kinetic-Molecular Theory
A set of assumptions about the nature of gases. These assumptions, when translated into mathematical form, yield the Ideal-Gas Equation
Mean Free Path
The average distance traveled by a gas molecule between collisions
Mole Fraction
The ratio of the number of moles of one component of a mixture to the total moles of all components; abbreviated X, with a subscript to identify the component
Partial Pressure
The pressure exerted by a particular gas in a mixture
Pascal (Pa)
The SI unit of pressure: 1Pa= N/m2
Pressure
A measure of a force exerted on a unit area. In chemistry, pressure is often expressed in units of atmospheres (atm) or torr: 760 torr= 1atm; in SI units pressure is expressed in Pascals (Pa)
Root-Mean-Square (rms) Speed (M)
The square root of the average of the squared speeds of the gas molecules in a gas sample
Standard Atmospheric Pressure
Defined as 760 torr or, in SI units, 101.325 kPa
Standard Temperature and Pressure (STP)
Defined as 0C and 1 atm pressure; frequently used as reference conditions for a gas
Torr
A unit of pressure ( 1 torr= 1 mmHg)
Van Der Waals Equation
An equation of state for nonideal gases that is based on adding corrections to the ideal-gas equation. The correction terms account for intermolecular forces of attraction and for the volumes occupied by the gas molecules themselves
Vapor
Gaseous state of any substance that normally exsists as a liquid or solid