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24 Cards in this Set
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Avogadro's Hypothesis
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A STATEMENT THAT EQUAL voolumes of gases at the same temperature and pressure contain equal numbers of molecules
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Avogadro's Law
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A statement that the volume of a gas maintained at a constant temperature and pressure is directly proportional to the number of moles in the gas
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Bar
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A unit of pressure equal to 10^5 Pa
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Boyle's Law
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A law stating that a constant temperature, the product of the volume and pressure of a given amount of gas is a constant
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Charles's Law
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A law stating that a constant pressure, the volume of a given quantity of gas is proportional to absolute temperature
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Dalton's Law of Partial Pressures
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A law stating that the total pressure of a mixture of gases is the sum of the pressures that each gas would exert if it were present alone
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Diffusion
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The spreading of one substance through a space occupied by one or more other substances
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Effusion
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The escape of a gas through an orifice or hole
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Gas Constant (R)
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The constant of proportionality in the ideal-gas equation
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Graham's Law
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A law staing that the rate of effusion of a gas is inversely proportional to the square root of its molecular weight
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Ideal Gas
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A hypothetical gas whose pressure, volume, and temperature behavior is completely described by the ideal-gas eqaution
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Ideal-Gas Equation
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An equation of state for gases that embodies Boyle's Law, Charles's Law, and Avagadro's Hypothesis in the form PV=nRT
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Kinetic-Molecular Theory
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A set of assumptions about the nature of gases. These assumptions, when translated into mathematical form, yield the Ideal-Gas Equation
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Mean Free Path
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The average distance traveled by a gas molecule between collisions
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Mole Fraction
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The ratio of the number of moles of one component of a mixture to the total moles of all components; abbreviated X, with a subscript to identify the component
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Partial Pressure
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The pressure exerted by a particular gas in a mixture
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Pascal (Pa)
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The SI unit of pressure: 1Pa= N/m2
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Pressure
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A measure of a force exerted on a unit area. In chemistry, pressure is often expressed in units of atmospheres (atm) or torr: 760 torr= 1atm; in SI units pressure is expressed in Pascals (Pa)
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Root-Mean-Square (rms) Speed (M)
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The square root of the average of the squared speeds of the gas molecules in a gas sample
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Standard Atmospheric Pressure
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Defined as 760 torr or, in SI units, 101.325 kPa
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Standard Temperature and Pressure (STP)
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Defined as 0C and 1 atm pressure; frequently used as reference conditions for a gas
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Torr
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A unit of pressure ( 1 torr= 1 mmHg)
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Van Der Waals Equation
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An equation of state for nonideal gases that is based on adding corrections to the ideal-gas equation. The correction terms account for intermolecular forces of attraction and for the volumes occupied by the gas molecules themselves
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Vapor
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Gaseous state of any substance that normally exsists as a liquid or solid
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