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22 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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Growth hormone |
Increases rate of mitosis Increases amino acid transport into cells Increases rate of protein synthesis Increases use of fats for energy |
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Thyroid-stimulating hormone |
Increases secretion of tyrosine and T3 by thyroid gland |
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Adrenocorticotropic hormone |
Increases secretion of cortisol by the adrenal cortex |
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Prolactin |
Stimulates milk production by the mammary glands |
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Follicle-stimulating hormone |
In women: Initiates growth of ova in ovarian follicles Increases secretion of estrogen by follicle cells In men: Initiates sperm production in the testes |
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Luteinizing hormone |
In women: Causes ovulation Causes the ruptured ovarian follicle to become the corpus luteum Increases secretion of progesterone by the corpus luteum In men: Increases secretion of testosterone by the interstitial cells of the testes |
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Thyroxine (T4) and triiodthyronine (T3) |
Increase energy production from all food types Increase rate of protein synthesis |
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Calcitonin |
Decrease the reabsorption of calcium and phosphate from bones to blood |
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Endocrine system |
A regulating system of the body, which consists of endocrine glands that secrete chemicals called hormones |
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Endocrine glands |
Ductless, that is, they do not have ducts to take their secretions to specific sites |
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Target Organs or Target Tissues |
Each hormone then exerts very specific effects on certain organs |
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Negative Feedback Mechanism |
Information about the effects of the hormone is "fed back" to the gland, which then decreases its secretion of the hormone |
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Oxytocin |
Stimulates contraction of the uterus at the end of pregnancy and stimulates release of milk from the mammary glands when the baby is nursing |
Breast milk |
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Antidiuretic hormone |
Increases water reabsorption by the kidney tubules(water returns to the blood) Decreases sweating Causes vasoconstriction(in large amounts) |
Decreases water content in the body (alcohol inhibits secretion) |
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Parathyroid hormone |
Increases the reabsorption of calcium and phosphate from bone to blood .Increases absorption of calcium and phosphate by the small intestine .Increases the reabsorption of calcium and the excretion of phosphate by kidneys; activates vitamin D |
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Glucagon (alpha cells) |
Increases conversion of glycogen to glucose in the liver Increases the use of excess amino acids and of fats for energy |
Hypoglycemia |
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Insulin(beta cells) |
Increases glucose transport into cells and the use of glucose for energy production Increases the conversion of excess glucose to glycogen in the liver and muscles Increases amino acid and fatty acid transport into cells, and their use in synthesis reactions |
Hyperglycemia |
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Somatostatin(delta cells) |
Decreases secretion of insulin and glucagon Slows absorption of nutrients |
Rising levels of insulin and glucagon |
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Norepinephrine |
Causes vasoconstriction in skin, viscera, and skeletal muscles |
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Epinephrine |
Increases heart rate and force of contraction Dilated bronchioles Decreases peristalsis Increases conversion of glycogen to glucose in the liver Causes vasodilation in skeletal muscles Causes vasoconstriction in skin and viscera Increases use of fats for energy Increases the rate of cell respiration |
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Aldosterone |
Increases reabsorption of Na+ ions by the kidneys to the blood Increases excretion of K+ ions by the kidneys in urine |
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Cortisol |
Increases use of fats and excess amino acids for energy Decreases use glucose for energy (not brain) Increases conversion of glucose to glycogen in the liver Anti-inflammatory effect: stabilizes lysosomes and blocks the effects of histamine |
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