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48 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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cognition
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all the mental activities associated with thinking knowing and communicating
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concept
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mental grouping of similar ideas or things
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prototype
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a mental image to represent a category
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alggorithm
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logical rule that guarantees solving a problem (equation)
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heuristic
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simple thinking strategy that lets us make judgements and solve problems efficiently, more error prone
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insight
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a sudden realization of the solution to a problem
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confirmation bias
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tendency to seek information that supports personal opinion
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fixation
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inability to see a problem from a new perspective
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mental set
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tendency to approach a problem the same way multiple times because it has worked before
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functional fixedness
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tendency to think of things only in terms or their usual functions
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representative hueristic
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judging the likelihood of things in terms of how well they seem to represent particular prototypes
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availability hueristic
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estimating the likelihood of events based on their availability in memory
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overconfidence
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tendency to be more confident than correct
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framing
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the way an issue is posed; can significantly effect decisions
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belief bias
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tendency for pre-existing beliefs to distort logical thinking
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belief perserverance
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clinging to one's initial concpetions after they have been proved wrong
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language
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our words and the ways we combine them to communicate
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phoneme
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smallest distinctive sound unit
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morpheme
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smallest unit that carries a meaning
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grammar
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system of rules that enables us to communicate and understand others
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syntax
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sentence structure
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babbling stage
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4 months, infant utters various sounds
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telegraphic speech
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early speech stage in which a child speaks like a telegram - mostly nouns and verbs
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linguistic determination
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whorfs hypothesis that language determines the way we think
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semantics
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set of rules by which we derive meaning from morphemes, words, and sentences
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one word stage
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1 to 2 years child speaks mostly in single words
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two word stage
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child speaks in 2 word statements
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intelligence
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mental quality of the ability to learn from experience, solve problems and use knowledge
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factor analysis
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procedure that identifies clusters of related items on a test
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general intelligence
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gen intelligence factor that according to spearman underlies specific mental abilities and is measured by every task on an intel test
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savant syndrome
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condition in which a mentally disabled person has an exceptional specific skill
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emotional intelligence
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ability to perceive, understand, an manage emotions
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creativity
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the ability to produce novel and valuable ideas
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intelligence test
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method fro assessing an individuals mental aptitudes and comparing them with others
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mental age
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measure of intelligence test performance made by binet
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Stanford-binet |
widely used intelligenve test
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IQ
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persons mental age divided by chronological age x 100
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aptitude test
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predicts a persons future performace - capacity to learn
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achievement test
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assesses what a person has learned
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Wechsler adult intelligence test
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widely used intel test
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standardization
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defining meaningful scores by comparison with a standard group
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normal curve
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symmetric bell curve
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reliability
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the extent to which a test yields accurate results
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validity
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the extent to which a test predicts what it is supposed to
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criterion
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behavior that a test Is designed to predict
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mental retardation
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limited mental ability - IQ below 70
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Down syndrome
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disorder caused by an extra chromosome
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stereotype threat
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concern that one will be judged by a stereotype
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